Human Growth and Developement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Growth and Developement - Essay Example From this paper, unmistakably large 5 character qualities are the five fundamental elements of any individual’s character and are a wide characterization of character, whereby pleasantness alludes to the capacity to be reliable, kind and friendly while neuroticism focuses enthusiastic flimsiness, nervousness, and irritability. Then again, transparency and honesty allude to the capacity to be shrewd and mindful, separately. For viable nursing, it is critical to have a fitting blend, for example, extraversion meaning sensitivity, friendliness, and loquacity, pleasantness, receptiveness, and principles. These prove to be useful in nursing as far as cooking for the necessities of their patients genuinely through social and high passionate expression.This paper features thatâ ageism is the term used to allude to oppression individuals dependent on their age, and generalizing on the equivalent. In the media, the issue of ageism has come up as of late because of the act of segregati ng the matured, moderately aged, young people and kids on different grounds identified with their age. This is the place humorists and entertainers abstain from making jokes on racial, handicap and chauvinist grounds, yet feels alright to uncovered their predisposition and adverse mentality to those they consider dishonorable of their respect. This is by assaulting the objective gathering with brutal remarks. In nursing cases, ageism applies in work and experience where a portion of the lesser and senior individuals from the nursing calling deny each other regard.

Study Of The Term Gifted In America History Essay Free Essays

The most punctual known reference of the term skilled in America can be followed back to 1868. It was in St. Louis in 1868 that the supervisor of schools in St. We will compose a custom paper test on Investigation Of The Term Gifted In America History Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Louis made endeavors to tended to the guidance of skilled students. In 1901 a school in Worster, Massachusetts was the primary school to offer a specific school for the skilled. Inquisitively bounty, the accompanying significant advancement in the historical backdrop of the skilled in America must get down in Europe, as the improvements there had an effect upon the competent undertaking of the historical backdrop of the talented in America. In 1905, two Gallic exploration laborers, Binet-Simon, made a technique for examining higher mental processes.2 The Binet-Simon â€Å" preliminary was utilized to help place school-matured children who were intellectually impeded. â€Å" 3 After the Binet-Simon preliminary in France, three significant advancements in the historical backdrop of the skilled in America happened from 1916-1918. The first of the three significant improvements happened in 1916. Despite the fact that the fit issue of this paper, the â€Å" History of Gifted in America , † clearly includes the skilled in America, it must get down with this European milepost of the work contended in France on the grounds that the Binet-Simon preliminary, â€Å" the main functional insight graduated table † 4, would be therefore reconsidered by an American examination specialist by the name of Lewis Terman, who is also called the â€Å" male parent † of the capable guidance movement.5 The change would along these lines be known as the Stanford-Binet preliminary in 1916.6 The adjustment of the Binet-Simon preliminary by Terman brought about the commended classification, I. Q. or on the other hand IQ. The accompanying significant advancement in the historical backdrop of the skilled in America includes the Great War. In the wake of being pushed into the fog of the Great War by the Zimmerman Note, a finding was made by military functionaries in America to utilize two preliminaries â€Å" to quantify the fitness of nonreader, under-trained, or non-English discourse creation recruits and voluntaries, † for the war,7 ( of which Lewis Terman played a cardinal capacity as well.8 ) In 1917, the alpha and the Beta preliminaries were utilized by the military. Orchestrating to a site entitled ASVAB, â€Å" In 1917-1918, the Army alpha and Beta preliminaries were grown with the goal that military bosses could hold some progression of the capacity of their powers. The Army Alpha was a gathering regulated preliminary that deliberate verbal capacity, numerical capacity, capacity to follow waies, and cognizance of data. The Army Beta was a non-verbal inverse number of the Army Alpha. â€Å" 9 The third significant achievement I the field of the skilled in America happened in 1918. It was in 1918 that Lulu Stedman built up a â€Å" chance room † for skilled understudies inside the University Training School at the Southern Branch of the University of California. â€Å" 10 During the mid-twentiess, four accomplishments added to the improvement of the historical backdrop of the skilled in America. With the finish of aiding in the inventive action of an arrangement of meritocracy, which is a â€Å" cultural request dependent on evaluated degrees of local capacity † ,11 in 1921Lewis Terman directed the longest running longitudinal review of around 1500 students. Terman ‘s aim for convey oning the study was to invalidate the conviction â€Å" that talented children were immature in nonintellectual nations. â€Å" 12 Ultimately, Terman inferred that skilled children exceeded expectations in scholarly nations and were sincerely secure.13 The second improvement in the nation of the talented in America happened one twelvemonth hence. In 1922, Leta Hollingsworth of Columbia University, an advocator for working with capable students in New York, opened a â€Å" Opportunity classification in P.S. 165 in New York City † 14. The accompanying t wo occasions concerned distributions of the two examination laborers referenced supra. In 1925 Lewis Terman distributed Genetic Studies of Genius which presumed that â€Å" a ) subjectively unique in schools, B ) to some degree better truly and sincerely in contrasting with ordinary students, qualification Celsius ) higher-up in scholastic points in contrasting with the mean understudies, nutrient D ) genuinely steady, e ) best when guidance and family esteems were held in high regard by the family unit, and degree Fahrenheit ) unfathomably factor in blend with the figure of characteristics displayed by those in the studyaë†â ¦ † 15 The second work was distributed by Leta Hollingsworth in 1926. Hollingsworth ‘s work was entitled the Gifted Child: Their Nature and Raising and was viewed as the principal text release on skilled guidance. Ten mature ages in this manner Hollingsworth built up P.S. 500, the Speyer School which was engaged after providing guidance for talented Children.16 In spite of the fact that a bunch of exploration laborers were striving to pass on taking care of the skilled in America, the start of the Cold War would launch the issue of the talented in America to the head of huge numbers of the issues defying the state during the 1950s and sling the American specialists into the treatment of the talented in America. In 1950 J.P. Guilford tested â€Å" an investigation of insight as a multidimensional idea † , and the â€Å" National Science establishment Act provid ( erectile brokenness ) government support for examination and guidance in arithmetic, physical logical control, and innovation. â€Å" 17 In 1954, the â€Å" National relationship of Gifted children † was built up under the main of ann Issacs, in add-on to the assurance of Brown v. Leading body of Education which finished the â€Å" separate however equivalent † theory in education.18 after the effective propelling of the Sputnick ballistic container in 1957 by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States had to focus its going to on its â€Å" human capital † and the territory of guidance in America. The United States started to pass large measures of capital with an end goal to put â€Å" the most splendid and skilled understudies who might exceed net gain from a propelled math, logical control, and designing. â€Å" 19 the accompanying twelvemonth, the â€Å" National Defense Education Act † flagged the main full graduated table endeavor by the government experts in the nation of the talented in America.20 In 1972 the Marland Report gave a conventional meaning of skill and recommended that schools receive a definition which would remember scholarly and balanced blessing for add-on to driving capacity, visual capacity and psychomotor ability.21 In 1974, the â€Å" Office of the Gifted and Talented † was given authority status.22 Approximately ten mature ages therefore another examination, gave by the Secretary of the Department of Education announced that the United States of America was at peril because of a â€Å" rising tide of averageness that undermines the actually in the future of the country.23 In 1988 a solid backer of the talented in America, United States Senator Jacob Javitz was perceived in a section which, bearing his name tried to gracefully capital for research â€Å" into the best plans to help capable students † in America and by setting â€Å" understudies from hapless foundations, non-English † talking foundations and ‘the impaired to part icipate in capable guidance. â€Å" 24 Ten mature ages after the â€Å" State at Risk † study gave by the United States Department of Education, another examination was given by the United States Department of Education entitled â€Å" National Excellence † . In this 1993 examination sketch how America ignored skilled understudies in the state and offered a few proposals on the best way to proceed.25 In 1998, â€Å" the National relationship for Gifted Children distributed a papers entitled â€Å" Pre-K-Grade 12 Gifted Plan Standards † to gracefully guide in seven cardinal nations to design helping talented and capable students † 26 At last, in the Twenty first century the â€Å" No Child Left behind rule law was instituted. This statute practically reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. â€Å" The Javitz plan is remembered for NCLB, and extended to offer competitory statewide awards. † The meaning of the term skilled was altered. Step by step instructions to refer to Study Of The Term Gifted In America History Essay, Essay models

How Many References For A 3000-word Essay

Are you in a college and they require an exposition that you don't know about that what number of words it ought to have and what and in what capacity will the references be utilized. Regardless of what in which ever college you are in many zones of study writing in an influencing and impartial framework is the most acknowledged aptitudes. The truth of the matter is that the papers can be short and long as well, so it is unimaginable to develop extraordinary capacities in making articles.â In this article, we will set you up with all of the bases to have the ability to develop these substance capacities so basic for each understudy, so crafted by exposition isn't extreme for you by any stretch of the imagination. When making bibliographic references, a progression of steps must be followed or organized in various manners as indicated by where the data originates from, in the event that it is acquired from a book, the title, writer, day of distribution and title must be referenced. Look forward to perceive what we have more for you in this article has a wide data on paper! What is the contrast among reference and catalog? Much of the time while accomplishing a composed work, the unpracticed creators get the chance to have the disarray among references and biographer, from this inquiry emerges: What is the distinction among reference and book index? Attributes of references in apa guidelines: Each time an arrangement is made in the content, it must be added to the rundown of references. Contentions or realities dependent on other composed work must be referenced. There can't be a thing in the rundown of references that have not been remembered for the content of the composed work. The rundown of references must have line dividing 1.5. All scholastic and research work should be archived. For this, it is important to counsel data effectively accessible in different people groups works (articles, books, sites ). This data counseled structures the bibliographic premise of your own work and ought to be reflected in references and bibliographic references. What is a date? It is a short reference structure which we envelop we include the work. They call attention to other humans’ considerations or messages and clarify their starting point, from where this specific information is taken from. What is a bibliographic reference? It is the gathering of information where the territories, references and books are referenced from which the information is taken. From this it is recognized unequivocally. It illuminates about the principle explicit information of the report: title, origin, date, and arrangement! How references, bibliographical references and book reference are composed? The information that is fused in a reference must be adequate to recognize the material refered to plainly. Data that starts from various sources and doesn't appear in the refered to resource is given in segments. It is recommended to use a dependable course of action of highlight in almost all the references. The names of makers should be given in the casing in which they appear in the source. The composing request is last name/s and the principal names or initials. Rundown of references Since we need to allude the sources we use to help all focuses inside our contention, what we have to do is that we bring to the table the peruser entire entirety of data that has an all out rundown from which ever puts from which the information was taken and utilized. The fundamental point is to verify that the information that it put in an exposition is real and from and credible source with the goal that any difficulty may not happen! The whole information that is removed from diaries, locales, books or library; their names, writers and the year is referenced so that if t peruser needs to search for additional information they can check without any problem! The rundown then again for the references are regularly in an in sequential order request and along these lines this aides in observing and checking the references in an increasingly straightforward and easy way! End: The truth of the matter is that there is no specific requirement for various references that are required for a 3000-word paper. All you have to fuse is that you should put the authentic and lawful reference that exists as it were. You can keep it straightforward and include less and simultaneously you can likewise pool in the same number of references as you need to. The prerequisites, be that as it may, are basic for it until the administrators require some number of references specifically to include.

Intercultural Business Communication about Australia Country Research Paper

Intercultural Business Communication about Australia Country - Research Paper Example The nation has a populace of around 23 million individuals making it one of the world’s least populated nations because of its large size (Jupp 78). In any case, the greater part of the land in Australia is timberland spread. Australia is one of the world’s most financially fruitful nations on the planet. For example, it’s GDP and per capital salary is has been rates as top five on the planet. English is the fundamental language in the nation albeit some more dialects from European and Asian vagrants are additionally present. II. Kinds of Businesses or Industries in the nation Australia has all sort f business. Being a first world nation implies that trade in the nation has developed and each business of each sort is available in the nation. Notwithstanding, there are those organizations that are just about a trademark for Australia. Mining is an exceptionally normal business in Australia, and there are various copper mines that create billions of dollars consist ently. Cultivating is likewise a huge piece of Australian business. Aside from these customary business exercises, the administration business has likewise crested up quite well. These incorporate monetary administrations, protection and other assistance organizations. Simultaneously, transport industry is additionally a huge piece of the Australian trade. ... The country has six states with each state being administered by a senator and a representative general regulating all states. A parliamentary framework is utilized with the sovereign of Australia (living in England) being the head and spoken to by his agents who are the governors. IV. Individuals Australia has a very much blended populace running from the aboriginals to the whites and furthermore outsiders. The way of life of the individuals is additionally exceptionally all around blended on the grounds that the majority of the grown-up populace is comprised of the off springs of migrant guardians who originated from different pieces of the world (Jupp 89). In any case, the country appears to have imported American mainstream society which has become predominant particularly among urban inhabitants. Australia has exceptionally instructed residents. With various world class colleges in the nation, the nation has had the option to have genuinely taught experts. As to religion, a grea ter part of the individuals in Australia are Christians. A more noteworthy dominant part of the individuals in Australia are Christians (making around 60%), and the second biggest gathering is that if non-strict individuals which incorporate secularism, logic and humanism. Different religions, for example, Buddhism, Islam and Hindu are likewise present, however all establish to the least of the populace. Despite the fact that Christianity is the primary religion in Australia, it's anything but a state religion since there is no state religion in Austria, according to the prerequisites of the constitution of Australia. Australia has individuals of all average. In such manner, the aboriginals who are a definitive locals of Australia make just around one percent of the populace. V. Restrictions Australia doesn't have a great deal of restrictions, yet there are various

Mental Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Psychological wellness Promotion - Essay Example In addition, results accomplished by practicing these exercises have additionally been basically assessed in the light of proof based backings. So as to guarantee classification the creator has assumed the patient name as â€Å"Tomas†. The Data Protection Act (1998) states, â€Å"Nurses must secure patient’s protection and Confidentiality.† The NHS Plan (2000) features that secrecy must be guaranteed during a patient’s evaluation. As indicated by NMC (2008), guaranteeing a person’s secrecy gives you regard. Psychological well-being is the passionate versatility which empowers us to appreciate life and to endure agony, disillusionment and misery. It is a positive feeling of prosperity and a fundamental confidence in out own pride and worth (Health Education Authority, 2000). Psychological wellness Promotion has a wide scope of wellbeing and social advantages including expanded passionate versatility, improved physical wellbeing investment, higher eff iciency and more noteworthy social consideration (Department of Health, 2001). Cattan and Tilford (2006) took a gander at psychological wellness advancement as the way toward upgrading the limit of people to assume responsibility for their lives and improve their emotional well-being. It utilizes systems that cultivate steady conditions and individual versatility, while demonstrating regard for value, social equity, interconnections and individual pride. Psychological well-being advancement is an umbrella term that covers an assortment of procedures, all targeting positively affecting emotional wellness. Wellbeing is a condition of complete mental, physical and social prosperity, and not just the nonappearance of illness or ailment. The Department of wellbeing (2001) portrayed mental prosperity as being impacted by numerous elements including hereditary legacy, youth encounters, life occasions, singular capacity to adapt and levels of social help, just as elements like satisfactory lodging, work, money related security and access to suitable medicinal services. Mann, et al (2004) considered the emphasis on confidence as the center component of emotional wellness advancement and the productive reason for a wide range approach. As indicated by Department of wellbeing (2001) emotional well-being advancement fills in as three levels pertinent to the entire populace. People are reinforced through the advancement of confidence, life and adapting aptitudes for instance, conveying and connections. Networks are fortified, through expanding social incorporation and interest, improving neighborhood situations, creating wellbeing and social administrations which bolster emotional wellness. Standard one of the National Service Framework for psychological well-being means to guarantee that wellbeing and social administrations advance emotional wellness and diminish the separation and social prohibition related with psychological well-being issues (Barker 2003). As indicated by the National Service Framework (NSF, 1999) standard one psychological well-being advancement expresses that wellbeing and social administrations, ought to advance emotional well-being for all, working with people and networks, The NSF was instituted to guarantee quality and the standard of care all through the administration. NMC (2008) states that medical caretakers have an obligation to mind and bolster individuals in thinking about themselves to improve and advance their wellbeing. So as to convey this consideration a comprehension of psychological wellness and emotional well-being professional

So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt ... Now What

So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt ... Now What So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt Now What? So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt Now What?In order to stop running on a hamster wheel of debt, youll need to split your focus between two major financial priorities: Paying down debt and building up your savings.Imagine how difficult it must be to ride a unicycle across a tightrope, high above the circus crowd. Maybe you have one of those poles you can use to keep your balance or maybe you don’t. Seems pretty difficult, doesn’t it? Even terrifying?Now imagine that cycle was made of debt. Did that somehow make it even more terrifying? Or do you have no idea what we’re talking about? Because, honestly, we’ve kind of lost track of the metaphor here a little bit.Regardless, getting stuck in a debt cycle can keep you from getting a proper financial foothold and accomplishing your goals. A massive debt load will drain your savings and tank your credit score, possibly forcing you to rely on predatory no credit check loans like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances when you have an unforeseen expense.And if you find yourself stuck in one, youll have put in some hard work to pull yourself out. So slide your feet into the pedals and let’s get going! What is the debt cycle?The debt cycle is more or less what it sounds like. It’s a cycle of personal loans, credit cards, and other financial products that leads you further and further into debt. In other words, if you have to spend more than you’re taking in, you aren’t going to be able to pay off your debt and it’ll keep accumulating.“The debt cycle is the continuous process of borrowing that increases debt and can eventually lead to default,” warned Leslie H. Tayne Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq), Founder and Head Attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup).“When you spend beyond your means, your debt becomes unmanageable, and your interest begins to build up at a rate you can no longer keep up with. You may then consider taking out a personal loan to pay off debt, which is essentially going in to debt to pay off your debt.”And trying to pay off your debt without a proper plan can sometimes make the debt cycle even worse.“Rushing to get out of debt is a major cause of the debt cycle,” cautioned Brie Sodano, founder of  From Sheep to Shark (@sheeptoshark). “The common financial ‘wisdom’ says to save $1,000 and put all the extra cash toward debt repayment. This plan fails when an unexpected expense happens, and there is no savings to pay for it. Then the debtor perpetuates the cycle by using debt to pay for the emergency.”“The way the debt cycle was explained to me was best summed up in this analogy,” explained Josh Hastings, founder of  Money Life Wax (@moneylifewax). “Your cars speedometer says it can go 150. And sure, it might be able to top out at 150, but revving the engine and constantly going from point A to point B at max speed will hurt the shelf life of that car.“The same can be said for the economy, your personal banking habits, and the ‘de bt cycle.’ Leveraging credit over and over again can become burdensome, stressful, and eventually more problematic. Just like the car going 150, leveraging credit and being in debt can be mentally draining or worrisome.”Okay, so if you currently find yourself spinning away on that great hamster wheel of debt, what can you do get out of it?Youll need to build your savings.We recently wrote about how you should choose between prioritizing saving or paying off your debt. Check it out and then get back to us.Welcome back! As you’ll realize if you read that post or have had to manage your finances in general, it’s tough to both build up your savings and pay down your debt. But if you want to break out of the debt cycle, it’ll be a big help to have some sort of savings so an unexpected expense doesn’t undo all of your progress.“In order to break the cycle of debt, you have to start saving,” urged  Adrienne Ross, Chartered Financial Consultant and Accredited Financial Coun selor. “Even if you are only able to save $5.00 a week, you must start saving. Building up a cash reserve is a crucial part of your journey to debt freedom. Without a cash reserve, every unexpected life event will land you right back in debt.“This has been proven true time and time again, but one story stands out in my mind. I was working with a single mother who was struggling to manage her money and get out of debt. Saving even $5.00 a week was a challenge, so we started with just having her save her coins.She would use cash to buy her groceries and gas. At the end of each week, she would take all of her change and put it in a jar. Every time she earned extra money, it went into the jar. All along, she kept making payments on her debts and working to stick to her budget. The jar was there as her ‘just in case’ money.After one year, she took the jar to the bank and discovered she had saved over $500. That $500 was just the beginning and provided the financial stability she needed to break free from the debt that was stifling her life.”Now, it’s time to make a plan.Make a budget and a debt repayment plan.When it comes to actually paying off your debt, you’re going to want a planâ€"and a budgetâ€"that you can stick to.“A great way to get out of it is to first do a budget,” suggested certified financial planner  Luis F. Rosa (@luis_f_rosa). “Sit down and take a look at the last three months bank statements so that you can get a good idea of how much money you actually spend. Then write down all of your debts, their minimum payments, APRs, and balances. Once you have that you can use a few different methods to tackle that debt.”And what are some of those methods?“One option is debt consolidation,” offered Rosa. “Another can be the snowball method, where you pay the minimum to all creditors except for one, sending the excess amount that you can afford beyond the minimum payments to the account with the lower balance. The avalanche metho d is similar, but instead, you pay the account with the highest APR first. You can use free websites like PowerPay.org to see which method works for you.And here are a couple more suggestion from Tayne:“Put your credit cards away. Another important step in breaking the debt cycle is to stop using your credit cards. Using them will only compound the issue. With your adjusted budget, you should be working to pay all your monthly expenses without taking your credit cards out of your wallet.“Frequently, getting into debt is the result of a cash flow problem. If you’re worried about making ends meet, you may want to consider taking on a side job to bring in some more income. However, be aware of how you’re spending the extra money you’re bringing in. Getting out of debt should be a top priority.”Much like riding a bike, we hope you won’t forget these tips to get out of your debt cycle. Ride on! To learn more about leaving bad credit loans behind and building yourself a bett er financial future, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousWant to Raise Your Credit Score by 50 Points? Here Are Some TipsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsJosh Hastings is a former High School Athletic Director at the secondary level who shifted his focus in 2016 to focus more effort on his entrepreneur endeavors. In 2017 he founded  Money Life Wax (@moneylifewax), a personal finance site dedicated to helping millennials with student loans. With an emphasis on money and finance behavior, Josh started Money Life Wax  to help millennials realize there are other ways to make money and be happy in the 21st century.Luis F. Rosa (@luis_f_rosa) focuses on working with young up and coming professionals who are lookin g to better position themselves for a successful financial future. Luis is a Certified Financial Planner and is enrolled to practice before the IRS. This diverse industry knowledge allows him to best serve his clients by understanding how one financial decision affects the other, allowing him to better guide them toward achieving their goals.Adrienne Ross is a Personal Financial Counselor who specializes in helping families in transition organize and manage their financial lives. Over the last 10 years, Adrienne has put her expertise in personal finance to work helping individuals and families eliminate debt and build the life of their dreams. Currently, Adrienne holds multiple certifications including CFP ®, AFC ®, and ChFC ®.Brie Sodano is the Founder of From Sheep to Shark (@sheeptoshark). Her goal is to help one million women improve their money situation and to give 100 million dollars away in the process.Leslie H. Tayne, Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq) has nearly 20 years’ experien ce in the practice area of consumer and business financial debt-related services. Leslie is the founder and head attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup), which specializes in debt relief.

Business Objectives - Free Essay Example

Relevance and implication of business objectives models in terms of Nepalese enterprise. Ans: In much of economic theory, it is assumed that a business aims to  maximise profits. In reality, most businesses which are run for â€Å"commercial gain† do have profit maximisation as an important objective – since the shareholders have taken a risk investing in the business and require a return (profit) to compensate them for their risk. Profit maximization is the process by which a firm determines the price and out put level that returns the greatest profit. In the context of nepalese enterprises , most of the firm aim for profit maximization model. ost of the business are profit oriented business try to maximise profit are the business who enjoy monopoly market. Nepal lever limited, Nepal telecom are few business who follow profit maximisation model. They tend to increase their profit by increase the price of the product rather than increasing the sales whenver there is i ncrease in cost of production. Sales maximisation theory This model argues that businesses try to maximise sales or revenues rather than profits. There are several possible motives for such an objective ,they are * Grow or sustain market share * Ensure survival * Discourage competition specially new entrants Cover larger market In the context of Nepal, sales maximisation model is followed by the business which has stiff competition in the market. coco-cola and pepsi-cola ,they both are two big companies which sells similar kind of product and has similar product price. So these company try to maximise sells to earn profit . they tend to cover huge market and try beat their competitor interms of sales. Olive Williamson’s model of managerial discretion In this model, Williamson argues that management act to further their own interests – in other words to achieve personal utility rather than to meet the interests of outside investors. Businesses run with this kind of o bjectives tend to deliver high levels of remuneration to management rather than the highest possible profits. In this model williamson argues that the most important motives of businessmen are desires for salary,security,dominance, and professional excellence. This can be gained by additional values of expenditure on staff, managerial emoluments and discreationary investement. He also stated that all these factors provide additional utility which managers aim to maximise. In the context of nepal managerial discretion models is used in the most of the big business like banking business, Gorkha brewery etc. n the banking business ,Bank,and most of the private company managers work in favor of maximizing their utility for the effective performance, which maximizes the profitability of the organization. The big private and public company’s managers demand bigger power, job security,social status and these factor plays and important role for company’s performance and their individual performance Satisficing model plays least impact managerial decision making. It is the traditional way of thinking about how firms operate. In satisficing model the firm wants to maximize the sales with deliberate level of profit. Satisficing behavior involves the owners setting minimum acceptable levels of achievement in terms of business revenue and profit. In Nepal ,small or medium scale business owned by individual or partnership firm tend to apply satisficing model. Mostly they make some profit constraint based on their aspiration and if the profit level goes below that constraint they rather minimize the sales or stop producing the product since these sort of business lack huge capital and their target market is mostly very limited or less . anagers or owners are staisfied to follow certain pattern and tend to stick to that satisfactory level. Cyert and March’s Behavioral theory argue that a behavioral theory of the firm requires attention to organizationa l goals, expectations, choice, and control. Only through these characteristics can one truly understand how firms function. Their sub theory on organizational goals focuses on how coalitions of individuals bargain to determine the goals of the greater organization. While the goals of individuals within a coalition may be disparate, so long as the resources available are greater than the demands of the members, the coalition, and thus the organization, will be feasible. The organisational slack gives caution in difficult times. behavioural theory are better suited to the problem dealing with the individual firm and those requires numerical results. We can take an example of banks where bonus shares and additional dividends provided by banks as well are based on this very model of managerial decision in business organizations.