Major Works of Anita Desai, the Indian Novelist - 2230 Words

Major Works of Anita Desai, the Indian Novelist Most of Desais works engage the complexities of modern Indian culture from a feminine perspective while highlighting the female Indian predicament of maintaining self-identity as an individual woman. Cry, the Peacock, Desais first novel, chronicles the morbid dread, descent into madness, and suicide of Maya, a young Delhi housewife who is trapped in a loveless, arranged marriage to the much older Gautama, a misogynistic lawyer. The novel foreshadows several of the major recurring themes in Desais works—the problems of independence and communication, the influence of the West, and the tensions between religious and domestic interaction. Set in the late 1950s, Voices in the City depicts†¦show more content†¦A novella for young people, The Village by the Sea tells the story of a family beset by misfortune in the traditional fishing village of Thul, on the west coast of India near Bombay. With the mother ill and bedridden and the father an unemployed, abusive alcoholic, t he brunt of the family responsibilities devolve upon the elder children, the adolescents Lila and Hari, both of whom have stopped attending school in order to fulfill these duties and care for their two younger siblings. Since the mid-1980s, Desai has shown a definite shift in her narrative voice, favoring dialogue over interior monologue and focusing on underprivileged characters rather than her usually bourgeois protagonists. In Custody revolves around Deven Sharma, a middle-aged man who once dreamt of becoming a poet but who was forced to take a job teaching Hindi in order to support his wife and child. A sharply incisive social comedy, In Custody dramatizes the tensions between worldly and spiritual concerns through Devens almost-obsessive attempts to interview Nur, the greatest living Urdu poet. Based on Desais own Eurasian heritage but narrated from a male perspective, Baumgartners Bombay (1988) concerns themes of alterity and hybridity. The novel—Desais first to feature a non-Indian protagonist—recounts the tragic life and violent death of Hugo Baumgartner, a Jew who has emigrated toShow MoreRelatedAnita Desai s Desai 1035 Words   |  5 Pagesin her husband s house. Anita Desa i s language is marked by three characteristics of sensuous richness, high sensitiveness and love for the sound words. She is chiefly interested in the emotional world of woman, and her fiction reflects a rare imaginative awareness of the various forces in operation and a genuine understanding of feminine sensibility as well as psychology. Her central characters are sensitive and respond faithfully to the needs of the self. Anita Desai uses words for their ownRead MoreThe Great Deal Of Poetry1790 Words   |  8 PagesEzekiel, P. Lal, Kamala Das, A.K. Ramanujan and others. Have done, and are doing commendable work. Giving an estimate of contemporary Indo-Anglian Poetry Amalendu Bose writes. As a historical phenomenon, it is interesting that since 1947 a great deal of poetry has been written by Indians in English; that in both quality and quantity, this poetry compares very well with the English poetry that Indians wrote from the days of Derozio and Kashi prasad Ghosh till 1947; that in both quality and quantityRead MoreLiterature : A New Realm Of Understanding Of Human Nature And Behavior1761 Words   |  8 Pagescontemporary definitions include texts that are spoken or sung. Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose. It can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama, and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations. Literature is one of the fine arts that employ language as a medium of expression. It is a mirror andRead MoreWife Novel of Bharathi Mukherjee2831 Words   |  12 PagesNovember, 1993 issue of San Francisco Focus in which she discusses her novel In order to avoid the trap of reading A Wifes Story as being from a marginal group, I have found it best to first discuss the crafting of the story as a literary work in the tradition of English/American literature, and then move on to the aspects of the story that deal with specific concepts and cultures. Keeping in mind Mukherjees own comments on racism, multiculturalism, and literary influences, it is interestingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1987 Words   |  8 Pages 1. INTRODUCTION The Indian society believes that men have the facility and cultural hegemony in the group. An odd feature of the Indian action is that men defend maleness and deem women not manly which is not basically human. Women are marginalised through cultural institutions and religious rituals. Feminist movements have been maddening for removal of this marginalisation. The hermetic salutation of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s helped theorize a girl s discourse. A feministically right toRead MoreThe Is Victim Of Emotional Deprivation Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pageslike person who is in love with nature, animals and human beings. â€Å"She finds her sitting Nanda Kaul dies on the stool with her head hanging the black telephone hanging the long wire dangling† (FOM , P 145). The story of this novel is narrated by the novelist herself but she has made it creditable by her intimate knowledge of the situation and the characters. She very often makes her characters speak for themselves to support her own version and views. She informs the readers that Raka is to come to CarignanoRead MoreEssay about Emergence of Feminism in Indian Literature: An Overview2062 Words   |  9 PagesEmergence of Feminism In Indian Literature: An Overview Introduction Feminism basically means guarding equal rights for women as enjoyed by men. Feminism does not talk only about the social rights but also about the political as well as economic rights of a woman. Feminism is a search for the identity of the most marginalized creature on earth, that is, woman. In India, women have always been considered weak or inferior by the dominating patriarchal society from ages. They are considered merelyRead MoreAnita Desai, A Modern Indo English Writer Essay3158 Words   |  13 PagesINTRODUCTION Anita Desai, a noteworthy woman novelist, is a modern Indo-English writer, widely acclaimed not only in India but also in the world of fiction writing. She emerged after independence, deliberating on the highly debatable contemporary issues. Anita Desai is a keen observer of the society and the position of the women in the contemporary society draws her special attention. The novels of Anita Desai are noted for the profound probing into the inner life and feelings of the women, boundedRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 PagesThe Indian English novel evolved as a subaltern consciousness; as a reaction to break away from the colonial literature. Hence the post colonial literature in India witnessed a revolution against the idiom which the colonial writers followed. Gradually the Indian English authors began employing the techniques of hybrid language, magic realism peppered with native themes. Thus from a post colonial era Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English

Leadership styles and its applicability in India Free Essays

In a large organisation there motivations are likely to be as varied as human needs can be – not only for security, higher income and better working conditions but for affection, recognition, deference, esteem, and for both autonomy towards and dependence on the executive leader, for both conformity and individuality – traits that can exist in the same person. Other things being equal, the stronger the motivational base the leader taps, the greater control over that person the leader can exercise. † Thus, leaders are persons who use different methods to ensure that the right work gets done. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership styles and its applicability in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, not only do leaders need to know how to deal with persons but also must know what the right things are. Leadership is defined in a dictionary as: the position or function of a leader; the ability to lead; or an act or instance of leading. In a business environment real leadership is the act of pulling your employees forward to a desired level of performance. A distinction can be made between a leader who gets people to achieve specific goals and a leader who gets people to achieve specific goals and develops a self actualisation belief system or culture. Both are exercising leadership. However, one is dealing with â€Å"transactions† and the other is â€Å"transforming† the character of the organisation. Thus, transactional leadership is when leaders determine what subordinates need to do to achieve objectives, classify the requirements to achieve the objectives and help subordinates become confident they can reach their objectives. On the other hand transformational leadership works on the vision for the organisational as a whole and prepares the employees of the organisation to meet the challenges of the future and deal with all of them. Further, the key to understanding real leadership lies in understanding that your employees have different personalities and attitudes; each one has different job responsibilities; each one has a different view of what is important in the operations of the organisation. Therefore, a leader has to cater to all types of employees and use different styles of leadership to bind them together and achieve the objectives of the organisation. Further, there are many ways in which a leader can lead. However, certain common elements such as a vision of purpose, gaining organisational commitment to this vision of purpose and providing the wherewithall to carry it out, are some of the common elements a leader has to have, irrespective of his style of leadership. Thus, even though leadership styles are not given much importance, especially where there are successful leaders, the style adopted by a leader is an integral part to being a successful leader in the long run. As mentioned earlier persons can perform the vital functions of leadership in many different ways. The style of leadership a leader adopts depends on the situation and on his or her personality traits. The interplay between these two factors is complex. Some situations may favour one style; other situations may favour another style. Some leaders may vary their styles, whereas other leaders may not be able to vary their styles. As mentioned above, leadership styles are complex and varied as they depend on many behavioural traits. One may look at leadership styles depending on how a person influences others. Leaders may rely on charisma; leaders may use their positional authority; leaders may lead by example, etc. However, this delineation of leadership approaches or styles, is only a matter of emphasis. In practice leaders normally resort to a multiple of leadership styles. Thus, there are many classification of leadership styles and a lot of research has been undertaken on them. This article looks at the broad transitions through which leadership styles have passed. Today, leaders have moved from authoritative to benevolent to consultative and democratic. These styles also reflect the changes in attitudes of employees, earlier they were completely under the control of the employer, today they are more enlightened and demand dignity and equality. Thus, if a leader does not recognise this he/she will not be successful. Before one discuses the leadership styles in India, one needs to look at the business environment in India. India has today seen a lot of transformation from an unexciting mix of government owned companies and private family owned companies, many of which survived on government licenses to the inflow of multinational companies and lot of Indian companies being run as professional companies. Further, today there is talk of privatizing public sector companies, however, there are some public sector companies earning profits. All these changes in the business environment has led to a change in the leadership styles, in certain cases leadership styles have changed business. In the public sector the leadership style has been formal authority, wherein the employees do not have the freedom to express themselves. Under such situation the employee will not work to his/her utmost ability, but will only carry out those tasks, which are required of them. There is no scope of being innovative, as mistakes are not accepted. Further, even the leaders of public sector undertakings do have the power to be creative. In order to change the above-mentioned situation, there is a need for the leaders of the public sector companies to change their style of leadership. They should adopt more democratic and participate styles of leadership and such leadership styles should not be adopted just to show to the employees that they being included in the decision making, but should be introduced in its true spirit. The public sector leaders need to adopt â€Å"transformation† leadership, where the employees of an organisation are moved towards achieving objectives, not for the sake of keeping their jobs but because they believe in the objectives of the organisation. As mentioned earlier, in the private sector in India there is a lot of change taking place. With the coming in of foreign investment, Indian enterprises have to be competitive and change with the times. In the past, India’s private sectors comprised of family owned business and the employers did not care much for their employees, as they had the power of money. The leadership style of adopted by them was authoritative. Employees were treated like servants and could be called upon do to tasks that were not part of their job description. Even though the above style of leadership still exists in many private sector companies, there has been a change in the style of leadership in many of the professional run Indian companies. It has become more democratic. However, in order to change the way India companies function, there is a lot of work still to be done. Change of leadership style is an important area in which Indian companies should invest time and energy. In a labour abundant country, people’s satisfaction is an easy thing to forget, however, it is important that their needs are fulfilled, if the organisation is to be successful. People are the greatest asset an organisation has and if leaders of organisation adopt leadership styles that are democratic and transforming, then the organisation would well be on its way to achieving its objectives. As the CEO of GE, Jack Welch has said, â€Å"we cannot afford management styles that suppress and intimidate. † Leadership behaviour is moving in many directions. Transformational and charismatic leadership are gaining in importance. There is even talk of whether self-managed groups are better than having leaders. In the world over, authoritative forms of leadership have collapsed. In India we are at a stage where maybe a totally democratic style of leadership may not succeed. This is because employees at large are not use to being taken into confidence and therefore, if a leader tries to use the democratic style of leadership he may not succeed, however, an enlightened leader must realise that, if the democratic style of leadership is not eventually followed, he may only be successful for a short period. Thus, a leader will need to resort to maybe all the styles of leadership in the course of his interaction with other, however, at the end he/she should make sure that the democratic style of leadership is used most. How to cite Leadership styles and its applicability in India, Essay examples

Commitment and Involvement in Marketing Strategy - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Commitment and Involvement in Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction: This is to update you regarding current issues faced by our client Company, which is causing delay in proceeding with the next step of the project. Marketing Director of FibreOne, Mr. Parrish informed me through a voicemail that their internal process team is lagging behind the scheduled time estimate and it could take them quite a while to provide us with the required data and content for further progress to the next step of building the corporate website for them (Davies, 2016). The arising concern is regarding the possibility of missing the deadline for the final website launch, due to the missed deadlines in the intermediary process. Any kind of delay in the launch of the final website is bound to upset the Client Company, and disrupt our scheduled flow of work. This in turn would increase the total time consumed in the project. Hence, it was necessary to inform you about all the current updates on the work progress. Kindly assess the situation at your own discretion and apply appropriate mechanisms to minimise collateral damage and maximise the value of outcome (Rishi, 2014). As the Account Lead of our marketing consultant company MGM, which is hired by FibreOne for building a website, I strongly recommend your intervention into the matter to ensure proper communication between MGM and FibreOne and conserve time and resources. This is Leanne S. Finch, employee of Creative Marketing for the Modern Tourist Marketing Agency, putting forward a humble proposal, to reassess your marketing strategies (Ramaseshan, Ishak Rabbanee, 2013). I aim to provide a basic idea about the potential changes that could be brought in the marketing materials, in order to increase its effectiveness in the changing economy. The current marketing material focuses mainly on the rodeo and Calgary Stampede, leaving out the preferences of a major section of the audience. Calgary experiences a large variety of people from all over the world, who go there to enjoy the summer and winter outdoor activities. Heavily focused on sports activities, specifically rodeo and Calgary stampede, the current marketing materials misses out on the choices and preferences of a large section of the travellers. As per my analysis, most of the travellers who go to Calgary for enjoying outdoor activities are below 50 years of age and are travelling with their families. This section of the travellers is relatively more conscious regarding preservation of environment, as most of them are sensitized and aware travellers, exploring the hiking trails of Calgary. Most of these travellers seem to express interest in organic farming and historical and cultural activities of Calgary. The restaurants, bars and markets light up the night life in Calgary for travellers. However, very little is said about the other side of Calgary Tourismhiking trails, cultural heritage, historical relevance, which would shed light on the alternative tourism practices of Calgary Tourism in todays modern era (Schullery, 2013). Therefore, the specific changes that could be implemented on your marketing strategy, in case you hire our firm for the same, have been briefly mentioned over here. References Davies, A. (2016).Best practice in corporate governance: Building reputation and sustainable success. Routledge. Ramaseshan, B., Ishak, A., Rabbanee, F. K. (2013). The role of marketing managers' commitment and involvement in marketing strategy implementation.Journal of Strategic Marketing,21(6), 465-483. Rishi, M. E. G. H. N. A. (2014). Marketing sustainability in the hospitality and tourism industry.Managing sustainability and tourism industry: Paradigms and directions for the future, 137180. Schullery, N. M. (2013). Workplace engagement and generational differences in values.Business Communication Quarterly,76(2), 252-265.

Workplace Conflict Article Summary

Workplace conflict particularly interpersonal conflict (IC) is a major form of workplace mistreatment that causes many negative workplace outcomes such as negative emotions, reduced job satisfaction, and low organizational commitment among others. According to Sliter et al. (2011, p.424), IC is linked to different effects relative to its source.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Workplace Conflict: Article Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Sliter and his colleagues present a study comparing IC arising from customers on one hand and IC from coworkers on the other hand as reported by 75 workers in a call center. Here, the researchers investigated task performance, physical symptoms, and burnout relative to interpersonal conflict. The results show that IC from customers is strongly linked to both organizational and personal effects while trait anger moderates the relationship between the variables. Specifically, people who have issues with anger management are more likely to experience many cases of IC when dealing with customers than otherwise (Sliter et al., 2011, pp. 424-425). Analysis The research conducted by Sliter and his peers highlights the major negative effects of interpersonal conflict in the workplace some of which may be detrimental to the employee’s health and wellbeing. In fact, it is worth noting that workplace conflict can lead to cases of people leaving their organizations or even getting fired while others suffer personal insults and attacks (Sliter et al., 2011). While recognizing that organizations are made up of different personality types, it is not surprising that workplace conflict is a reality among workers. Therefore, understanding employee behavior particularly what motivates workers may not only increase job satisfaction among the workers, but it may also help the organizations in terms of managing conflict (Sliter et al., 2011, p. 438). I n the last 100 years, many theories of motivation in the workplace have been presented. For instance, Taylor (1856-1917) took an autocratic approach in his theory of Scientific Management when he noted that workers may not enjoy certain tasks in the workplace, but with close supervision, managers and leaders can get them to work hard and increase their productivity. Unfortunately, this proposition has been linked to some instances of conflict between workers and managers since most of them are bound to receive repetitive and boring tasks. On the other hand, by deviating from Taylor’s autocratic approach, Mayo (1880-1949) noted that pay cannot satisfy/motivate workers better than having their social needs met in the workplace.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through his theory of Human Relations, Mayo centered his research on managers and noted that managers have a r ole to play in terms of maintaining better (two-way) communication, greater manager involvement, and group/team work, which are factors that motivate workers. Therefore, in practice, organizational leadership should play a major role in creating an enabling environment for dealing with conflict. Furthermore, while it is possible that everyone in the workplace is vulnerable to conflict, the responsibility of dealing with conflict should not be left to the top management and the human resources. The ultimate responsibility in conflict management belongs to everyone in the organization right from individual workers to managers, human resources, and senior executives. With this responsibility at hand, all workers of an organization should be equipped with the skills in conflict management. Here, there are a variety of options available to organizations such as formal training in conflict management, informal peer-to-peer training, relationship management training, and mediation skills t raining among others. Overall, workplace conflict is a reality in the work environment however, there is the need for everyone to play a role in managing conflict for the better of the whole organization and its people. Reference Sliter, M.T., Pui, S.Y., Sliter, K.A., Jex, S.M. (2011). The Differential Effects of Interpersonal Conflict from Customers and Coworkers: Trait Anger as a Moderator. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(4), 424-440. This article on Workplace Conflict: Article Summary was written and submitted by user Kailey Decker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.