Human Growth and Developement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Growth and Developement - Essay Example From this paper, unmistakably large 5 character qualities are the five fundamental elements of any individual’s character and are a wide characterization of character, whereby pleasantness alludes to the capacity to be reliable, kind and friendly while neuroticism focuses enthusiastic flimsiness, nervousness, and irritability. Then again, transparency and honesty allude to the capacity to be shrewd and mindful, separately. For viable nursing, it is critical to have a fitting blend, for example, extraversion meaning sensitivity, friendliness, and loquacity, pleasantness, receptiveness, and principles. These prove to be useful in nursing as far as cooking for the necessities of their patients genuinely through social and high passionate expression.This paper features thatâ ageism is the term used to allude to oppression individuals dependent on their age, and generalizing on the equivalent. In the media, the issue of ageism has come up as of late because of the act of segregati ng the matured, moderately aged, young people and kids on different grounds identified with their age. This is the place humorists and entertainers abstain from making jokes on racial, handicap and chauvinist grounds, yet feels alright to uncovered their predisposition and adverse mentality to those they consider dishonorable of their respect. This is by assaulting the objective gathering with brutal remarks. In nursing cases, ageism applies in work and experience where a portion of the lesser and senior individuals from the nursing calling deny each other regard.

Study Of The Term Gifted In America History Essay Free Essays

The most punctual known reference of the term skilled in America can be followed back to 1868. It was in St. Louis in 1868 that the supervisor of schools in St. We will compose a custom paper test on Investigation Of The Term Gifted In America History Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Louis made endeavors to tended to the guidance of skilled students. In 1901 a school in Worster, Massachusetts was the primary school to offer a specific school for the skilled. Inquisitively bounty, the accompanying significant advancement in the historical backdrop of the skilled in America must get down in Europe, as the improvements there had an effect upon the competent undertaking of the historical backdrop of the talented in America. In 1905, two Gallic exploration laborers, Binet-Simon, made a technique for examining higher mental processes.2 The Binet-Simon â€Å" preliminary was utilized to help place school-matured children who were intellectually impeded. â€Å" 3 After the Binet-Simon preliminary in France, three significant advancements in the historical backdrop of the skilled in America happened from 1916-1918. The first of the three significant improvements happened in 1916. Despite the fact that the fit issue of this paper, the â€Å" History of Gifted in America , † clearly includes the skilled in America, it must get down with this European milepost of the work contended in France on the grounds that the Binet-Simon preliminary, â€Å" the main functional insight graduated table † 4, would be therefore reconsidered by an American examination specialist by the name of Lewis Terman, who is also called the â€Å" male parent † of the capable guidance movement.5 The change would along these lines be known as the Stanford-Binet preliminary in 1916.6 The adjustment of the Binet-Simon preliminary by Terman brought about the commended classification, I. Q. or on the other hand IQ. The accompanying significant advancement in the historical backdrop of the skilled in America includes the Great War. In the wake of being pushed into the fog of the Great War by the Zimmerman Note, a finding was made by military functionaries in America to utilize two preliminaries â€Å" to quantify the fitness of nonreader, under-trained, or non-English discourse creation recruits and voluntaries, † for the war,7 ( of which Lewis Terman played a cardinal capacity as well.8 ) In 1917, the alpha and the Beta preliminaries were utilized by the military. Orchestrating to a site entitled ASVAB, â€Å" In 1917-1918, the Army alpha and Beta preliminaries were grown with the goal that military bosses could hold some progression of the capacity of their powers. The Army Alpha was a gathering regulated preliminary that deliberate verbal capacity, numerical capacity, capacity to follow waies, and cognizance of data. The Army Beta was a non-verbal inverse number of the Army Alpha. â€Å" 9 The third significant achievement I the field of the skilled in America happened in 1918. It was in 1918 that Lulu Stedman built up a â€Å" chance room † for skilled understudies inside the University Training School at the Southern Branch of the University of California. â€Å" 10 During the mid-twentiess, four accomplishments added to the improvement of the historical backdrop of the skilled in America. With the finish of aiding in the inventive action of an arrangement of meritocracy, which is a â€Å" cultural request dependent on evaluated degrees of local capacity † ,11 in 1921Lewis Terman directed the longest running longitudinal review of around 1500 students. Terman ‘s aim for convey oning the study was to invalidate the conviction â€Å" that talented children were immature in nonintellectual nations. â€Å" 12 Ultimately, Terman inferred that skilled children exceeded expectations in scholarly nations and were sincerely secure.13 The second improvement in the nation of the talented in America happened one twelvemonth hence. In 1922, Leta Hollingsworth of Columbia University, an advocator for working with capable students in New York, opened a â€Å" Opportunity classification in P.S. 165 in New York City † 14. The accompanying t wo occasions concerned distributions of the two examination laborers referenced supra. In 1925 Lewis Terman distributed Genetic Studies of Genius which presumed that â€Å" a ) subjectively unique in schools, B ) to some degree better truly and sincerely in contrasting with ordinary students, qualification Celsius ) higher-up in scholastic points in contrasting with the mean understudies, nutrient D ) genuinely steady, e ) best when guidance and family esteems were held in high regard by the family unit, and degree Fahrenheit ) unfathomably factor in blend with the figure of characteristics displayed by those in the studyaë†â ¦ † 15 The second work was distributed by Leta Hollingsworth in 1926. Hollingsworth ‘s work was entitled the Gifted Child: Their Nature and Raising and was viewed as the principal text release on skilled guidance. Ten mature ages in this manner Hollingsworth built up P.S. 500, the Speyer School which was engaged after providing guidance for talented Children.16 In spite of the fact that a bunch of exploration laborers were striving to pass on taking care of the skilled in America, the start of the Cold War would launch the issue of the talented in America to the head of huge numbers of the issues defying the state during the 1950s and sling the American specialists into the treatment of the talented in America. In 1950 J.P. Guilford tested â€Å" an investigation of insight as a multidimensional idea † , and the â€Å" National Science establishment Act provid ( erectile brokenness ) government support for examination and guidance in arithmetic, physical logical control, and innovation. â€Å" 17 In 1954, the â€Å" National relationship of Gifted children † was built up under the main of ann Issacs, in add-on to the assurance of Brown v. Leading body of Education which finished the â€Å" separate however equivalent † theory in education.18 after the effective propelling of the Sputnick ballistic container in 1957 by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States had to focus its going to on its â€Å" human capital † and the territory of guidance in America. The United States started to pass large measures of capital with an end goal to put â€Å" the most splendid and skilled understudies who might exceed net gain from a propelled math, logical control, and designing. â€Å" 19 the accompanying twelvemonth, the â€Å" National Defense Education Act † flagged the main full graduated table endeavor by the government experts in the nation of the talented in America.20 In 1972 the Marland Report gave a conventional meaning of skill and recommended that schools receive a definition which would remember scholarly and balanced blessing for add-on to driving capacity, visual capacity and psychomotor ability.21 In 1974, the â€Å" Office of the Gifted and Talented † was given authority status.22 Approximately ten mature ages therefore another examination, gave by the Secretary of the Department of Education announced that the United States of America was at peril because of a â€Å" rising tide of averageness that undermines the actually in the future of the country.23 In 1988 a solid backer of the talented in America, United States Senator Jacob Javitz was perceived in a section which, bearing his name tried to gracefully capital for research â€Å" into the best plans to help capable students † in America and by setting â€Å" understudies from hapless foundations, non-English † talking foundations and ‘the impaired to part icipate in capable guidance. â€Å" 24 Ten mature ages after the â€Å" State at Risk † study gave by the United States Department of Education, another examination was given by the United States Department of Education entitled â€Å" National Excellence † . In this 1993 examination sketch how America ignored skilled understudies in the state and offered a few proposals on the best way to proceed.25 In 1998, â€Å" the National relationship for Gifted Children distributed a papers entitled â€Å" Pre-K-Grade 12 Gifted Plan Standards † to gracefully guide in seven cardinal nations to design helping talented and capable students † 26 At last, in the Twenty first century the â€Å" No Child Left behind rule law was instituted. This statute practically reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. â€Å" The Javitz plan is remembered for NCLB, and extended to offer competitory statewide awards. † The meaning of the term skilled was altered. Step by step instructions to refer to Study Of The Term Gifted In America History Essay, Essay models

How Many References For A 3000-word Essay

Are you in a college and they require an exposition that you don't know about that what number of words it ought to have and what and in what capacity will the references be utilized. Regardless of what in which ever college you are in many zones of study writing in an influencing and impartial framework is the most acknowledged aptitudes. The truth of the matter is that the papers can be short and long as well, so it is unimaginable to develop extraordinary capacities in making articles.â In this article, we will set you up with all of the bases to have the ability to develop these substance capacities so basic for each understudy, so crafted by exposition isn't extreme for you by any stretch of the imagination. When making bibliographic references, a progression of steps must be followed or organized in various manners as indicated by where the data originates from, in the event that it is acquired from a book, the title, writer, day of distribution and title must be referenced. Look forward to perceive what we have more for you in this article has a wide data on paper! What is the contrast among reference and catalog? Much of the time while accomplishing a composed work, the unpracticed creators get the chance to have the disarray among references and biographer, from this inquiry emerges: What is the distinction among reference and book index? Attributes of references in apa guidelines: Each time an arrangement is made in the content, it must be added to the rundown of references. Contentions or realities dependent on other composed work must be referenced. There can't be a thing in the rundown of references that have not been remembered for the content of the composed work. The rundown of references must have line dividing 1.5. All scholastic and research work should be archived. For this, it is important to counsel data effectively accessible in different people groups works (articles, books, sites ). This data counseled structures the bibliographic premise of your own work and ought to be reflected in references and bibliographic references. What is a date? It is a short reference structure which we envelop we include the work. They call attention to other humans’ considerations or messages and clarify their starting point, from where this specific information is taken from. What is a bibliographic reference? It is the gathering of information where the territories, references and books are referenced from which the information is taken. From this it is recognized unequivocally. It illuminates about the principle explicit information of the report: title, origin, date, and arrangement! How references, bibliographical references and book reference are composed? The information that is fused in a reference must be adequate to recognize the material refered to plainly. Data that starts from various sources and doesn't appear in the refered to resource is given in segments. It is recommended to use a dependable course of action of highlight in almost all the references. The names of makers should be given in the casing in which they appear in the source. The composing request is last name/s and the principal names or initials. Rundown of references Since we need to allude the sources we use to help all focuses inside our contention, what we have to do is that we bring to the table the peruser entire entirety of data that has an all out rundown from which ever puts from which the information was taken and utilized. The fundamental point is to verify that the information that it put in an exposition is real and from and credible source with the goal that any difficulty may not happen! The whole information that is removed from diaries, locales, books or library; their names, writers and the year is referenced so that if t peruser needs to search for additional information they can check without any problem! The rundown then again for the references are regularly in an in sequential order request and along these lines this aides in observing and checking the references in an increasingly straightforward and easy way! End: The truth of the matter is that there is no specific requirement for various references that are required for a 3000-word paper. All you have to fuse is that you should put the authentic and lawful reference that exists as it were. You can keep it straightforward and include less and simultaneously you can likewise pool in the same number of references as you need to. The prerequisites, be that as it may, are basic for it until the administrators require some number of references specifically to include.

Intercultural Business Communication about Australia Country Research Paper

Intercultural Business Communication about Australia Country - Research Paper Example The nation has a populace of around 23 million individuals making it one of the world’s least populated nations because of its large size (Jupp 78). In any case, the greater part of the land in Australia is timberland spread. Australia is one of the world’s most financially fruitful nations on the planet. For example, it’s GDP and per capital salary is has been rates as top five on the planet. English is the fundamental language in the nation albeit some more dialects from European and Asian vagrants are additionally present. II. Kinds of Businesses or Industries in the nation Australia has all sort f business. Being a first world nation implies that trade in the nation has developed and each business of each sort is available in the nation. Notwithstanding, there are those organizations that are just about a trademark for Australia. Mining is an exceptionally normal business in Australia, and there are various copper mines that create billions of dollars consist ently. Cultivating is likewise a huge piece of Australian business. Aside from these customary business exercises, the administration business has likewise crested up quite well. These incorporate monetary administrations, protection and other assistance organizations. Simultaneously, transport industry is additionally a huge piece of the Australian trade. ... The country has six states with each state being administered by a senator and a representative general regulating all states. A parliamentary framework is utilized with the sovereign of Australia (living in England) being the head and spoken to by his agents who are the governors. IV. Individuals Australia has a very much blended populace running from the aboriginals to the whites and furthermore outsiders. The way of life of the individuals is additionally exceptionally all around blended on the grounds that the majority of the grown-up populace is comprised of the off springs of migrant guardians who originated from different pieces of the world (Jupp 89). In any case, the country appears to have imported American mainstream society which has become predominant particularly among urban inhabitants. Australia has exceptionally instructed residents. With various world class colleges in the nation, the nation has had the option to have genuinely taught experts. As to religion, a grea ter part of the individuals in Australia are Christians. A more noteworthy dominant part of the individuals in Australia are Christians (making around 60%), and the second biggest gathering is that if non-strict individuals which incorporate secularism, logic and humanism. Different religions, for example, Buddhism, Islam and Hindu are likewise present, however all establish to the least of the populace. Despite the fact that Christianity is the primary religion in Australia, it's anything but a state religion since there is no state religion in Austria, according to the prerequisites of the constitution of Australia. Australia has individuals of all average. In such manner, the aboriginals who are a definitive locals of Australia make just around one percent of the populace. V. Restrictions Australia doesn't have a great deal of restrictions, yet there are various

Mental Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Psychological wellness Promotion - Essay Example In addition, results accomplished by practicing these exercises have additionally been basically assessed in the light of proof based backings. So as to guarantee classification the creator has assumed the patient name as â€Å"Tomas†. The Data Protection Act (1998) states, â€Å"Nurses must secure patient’s protection and Confidentiality.† The NHS Plan (2000) features that secrecy must be guaranteed during a patient’s evaluation. As indicated by NMC (2008), guaranteeing a person’s secrecy gives you regard. Psychological well-being is the passionate versatility which empowers us to appreciate life and to endure agony, disillusionment and misery. It is a positive feeling of prosperity and a fundamental confidence in out own pride and worth (Health Education Authority, 2000). Psychological wellness Promotion has a wide scope of wellbeing and social advantages including expanded passionate versatility, improved physical wellbeing investment, higher eff iciency and more noteworthy social consideration (Department of Health, 2001). Cattan and Tilford (2006) took a gander at psychological wellness advancement as the way toward upgrading the limit of people to assume responsibility for their lives and improve their emotional well-being. It utilizes systems that cultivate steady conditions and individual versatility, while demonstrating regard for value, social equity, interconnections and individual pride. Psychological well-being advancement is an umbrella term that covers an assortment of procedures, all targeting positively affecting emotional wellness. Wellbeing is a condition of complete mental, physical and social prosperity, and not just the nonappearance of illness or ailment. The Department of wellbeing (2001) portrayed mental prosperity as being impacted by numerous elements including hereditary legacy, youth encounters, life occasions, singular capacity to adapt and levels of social help, just as elements like satisfactory lodging, work, money related security and access to suitable medicinal services. Mann, et al (2004) considered the emphasis on confidence as the center component of emotional wellness advancement and the productive reason for a wide range approach. As indicated by Department of wellbeing (2001) emotional well-being advancement fills in as three levels pertinent to the entire populace. People are reinforced through the advancement of confidence, life and adapting aptitudes for instance, conveying and connections. Networks are fortified, through expanding social incorporation and interest, improving neighborhood situations, creating wellbeing and social administrations which bolster emotional wellness. Standard one of the National Service Framework for psychological well-being means to guarantee that wellbeing and social administrations advance emotional wellness and diminish the separation and social prohibition related with psychological well-being issues (Barker 2003). As indicated by the National Service Framework (NSF, 1999) standard one psychological well-being advancement expresses that wellbeing and social administrations, ought to advance emotional well-being for all, working with people and networks, The NSF was instituted to guarantee quality and the standard of care all through the administration. NMC (2008) states that medical caretakers have an obligation to mind and bolster individuals in thinking about themselves to improve and advance their wellbeing. So as to convey this consideration a comprehension of psychological wellness and emotional well-being professional

So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt ... Now What

So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt ... Now What So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt Now What? So Youre Stuck in a Cycle of Debt Now What?In order to stop running on a hamster wheel of debt, youll need to split your focus between two major financial priorities: Paying down debt and building up your savings.Imagine how difficult it must be to ride a unicycle across a tightrope, high above the circus crowd. Maybe you have one of those poles you can use to keep your balance or maybe you don’t. Seems pretty difficult, doesn’t it? Even terrifying?Now imagine that cycle was made of debt. Did that somehow make it even more terrifying? Or do you have no idea what we’re talking about? Because, honestly, we’ve kind of lost track of the metaphor here a little bit.Regardless, getting stuck in a debt cycle can keep you from getting a proper financial foothold and accomplishing your goals. A massive debt load will drain your savings and tank your credit score, possibly forcing you to rely on predatory no credit check loans like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances when you have an unforeseen expense.And if you find yourself stuck in one, youll have put in some hard work to pull yourself out. So slide your feet into the pedals and let’s get going! What is the debt cycle?The debt cycle is more or less what it sounds like. It’s a cycle of personal loans, credit cards, and other financial products that leads you further and further into debt. In other words, if you have to spend more than you’re taking in, you aren’t going to be able to pay off your debt and it’ll keep accumulating.“The debt cycle is the continuous process of borrowing that increases debt and can eventually lead to default,” warned Leslie H. Tayne Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq), Founder and Head Attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup).“When you spend beyond your means, your debt becomes unmanageable, and your interest begins to build up at a rate you can no longer keep up with. You may then consider taking out a personal loan to pay off debt, which is essentially going in to debt to pay off your debt.”And trying to pay off your debt without a proper plan can sometimes make the debt cycle even worse.“Rushing to get out of debt is a major cause of the debt cycle,” cautioned Brie Sodano, founder of  From Sheep to Shark (@sheeptoshark). “The common financial ‘wisdom’ says to save $1,000 and put all the extra cash toward debt repayment. This plan fails when an unexpected expense happens, and there is no savings to pay for it. Then the debtor perpetuates the cycle by using debt to pay for the emergency.”“The way the debt cycle was explained to me was best summed up in this analogy,” explained Josh Hastings, founder of  Money Life Wax (@moneylifewax). “Your cars speedometer says it can go 150. And sure, it might be able to top out at 150, but revving the engine and constantly going from point A to point B at max speed will hurt the shelf life of that car.“The same can be said for the economy, your personal banking habits, and the ‘de bt cycle.’ Leveraging credit over and over again can become burdensome, stressful, and eventually more problematic. Just like the car going 150, leveraging credit and being in debt can be mentally draining or worrisome.”Okay, so if you currently find yourself spinning away on that great hamster wheel of debt, what can you do get out of it?Youll need to build your savings.We recently wrote about how you should choose between prioritizing saving or paying off your debt. Check it out and then get back to us.Welcome back! As you’ll realize if you read that post or have had to manage your finances in general, it’s tough to both build up your savings and pay down your debt. But if you want to break out of the debt cycle, it’ll be a big help to have some sort of savings so an unexpected expense doesn’t undo all of your progress.“In order to break the cycle of debt, you have to start saving,” urged  Adrienne Ross, Chartered Financial Consultant and Accredited Financial Coun selor. “Even if you are only able to save $5.00 a week, you must start saving. Building up a cash reserve is a crucial part of your journey to debt freedom. Without a cash reserve, every unexpected life event will land you right back in debt.“This has been proven true time and time again, but one story stands out in my mind. I was working with a single mother who was struggling to manage her money and get out of debt. Saving even $5.00 a week was a challenge, so we started with just having her save her coins.She would use cash to buy her groceries and gas. At the end of each week, she would take all of her change and put it in a jar. Every time she earned extra money, it went into the jar. All along, she kept making payments on her debts and working to stick to her budget. The jar was there as her ‘just in case’ money.After one year, she took the jar to the bank and discovered she had saved over $500. That $500 was just the beginning and provided the financial stability she needed to break free from the debt that was stifling her life.”Now, it’s time to make a plan.Make a budget and a debt repayment plan.When it comes to actually paying off your debt, you’re going to want a planâ€"and a budgetâ€"that you can stick to.“A great way to get out of it is to first do a budget,” suggested certified financial planner  Luis F. Rosa (@luis_f_rosa). “Sit down and take a look at the last three months bank statements so that you can get a good idea of how much money you actually spend. Then write down all of your debts, their minimum payments, APRs, and balances. Once you have that you can use a few different methods to tackle that debt.”And what are some of those methods?“One option is debt consolidation,” offered Rosa. “Another can be the snowball method, where you pay the minimum to all creditors except for one, sending the excess amount that you can afford beyond the minimum payments to the account with the lower balance. The avalanche metho d is similar, but instead, you pay the account with the highest APR first. You can use free websites like PowerPay.org to see which method works for you.And here are a couple more suggestion from Tayne:“Put your credit cards away. Another important step in breaking the debt cycle is to stop using your credit cards. Using them will only compound the issue. With your adjusted budget, you should be working to pay all your monthly expenses without taking your credit cards out of your wallet.“Frequently, getting into debt is the result of a cash flow problem. If you’re worried about making ends meet, you may want to consider taking on a side job to bring in some more income. However, be aware of how you’re spending the extra money you’re bringing in. Getting out of debt should be a top priority.”Much like riding a bike, we hope you won’t forget these tips to get out of your debt cycle. Ride on! To learn more about leaving bad credit loans behind and building yourself a bett er financial future, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousWant to Raise Your Credit Score by 50 Points? Here Are Some TipsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsJosh Hastings is a former High School Athletic Director at the secondary level who shifted his focus in 2016 to focus more effort on his entrepreneur endeavors. In 2017 he founded  Money Life Wax (@moneylifewax), a personal finance site dedicated to helping millennials with student loans. With an emphasis on money and finance behavior, Josh started Money Life Wax  to help millennials realize there are other ways to make money and be happy in the 21st century.Luis F. Rosa (@luis_f_rosa) focuses on working with young up and coming professionals who are lookin g to better position themselves for a successful financial future. Luis is a Certified Financial Planner and is enrolled to practice before the IRS. This diverse industry knowledge allows him to best serve his clients by understanding how one financial decision affects the other, allowing him to better guide them toward achieving their goals.Adrienne Ross is a Personal Financial Counselor who specializes in helping families in transition organize and manage their financial lives. Over the last 10 years, Adrienne has put her expertise in personal finance to work helping individuals and families eliminate debt and build the life of their dreams. Currently, Adrienne holds multiple certifications including CFP ®, AFC ®, and ChFC ®.Brie Sodano is the Founder of From Sheep to Shark (@sheeptoshark). Her goal is to help one million women improve their money situation and to give 100 million dollars away in the process.Leslie H. Tayne, Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq) has nearly 20 years’ experien ce in the practice area of consumer and business financial debt-related services. Leslie is the founder and head attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup), which specializes in debt relief.

Business Objectives - Free Essay Example

Relevance and implication of business objectives models in terms of Nepalese enterprise. Ans: In much of economic theory, it is assumed that a business aims to  maximise profits. In reality, most businesses which are run for â€Å"commercial gain† do have profit maximisation as an important objective – since the shareholders have taken a risk investing in the business and require a return (profit) to compensate them for their risk. Profit maximization is the process by which a firm determines the price and out put level that returns the greatest profit. In the context of nepalese enterprises , most of the firm aim for profit maximization model. ost of the business are profit oriented business try to maximise profit are the business who enjoy monopoly market. Nepal lever limited, Nepal telecom are few business who follow profit maximisation model. They tend to increase their profit by increase the price of the product rather than increasing the sales whenver there is i ncrease in cost of production. Sales maximisation theory This model argues that businesses try to maximise sales or revenues rather than profits. There are several possible motives for such an objective ,they are * Grow or sustain market share * Ensure survival * Discourage competition specially new entrants Cover larger market In the context of Nepal, sales maximisation model is followed by the business which has stiff competition in the market. coco-cola and pepsi-cola ,they both are two big companies which sells similar kind of product and has similar product price. So these company try to maximise sells to earn profit . they tend to cover huge market and try beat their competitor interms of sales. Olive Williamson’s model of managerial discretion In this model, Williamson argues that management act to further their own interests – in other words to achieve personal utility rather than to meet the interests of outside investors. Businesses run with this kind of o bjectives tend to deliver high levels of remuneration to management rather than the highest possible profits. In this model williamson argues that the most important motives of businessmen are desires for salary,security,dominance, and professional excellence. This can be gained by additional values of expenditure on staff, managerial emoluments and discreationary investement. He also stated that all these factors provide additional utility which managers aim to maximise. In the context of nepal managerial discretion models is used in the most of the big business like banking business, Gorkha brewery etc. n the banking business ,Bank,and most of the private company managers work in favor of maximizing their utility for the effective performance, which maximizes the profitability of the organization. The big private and public company’s managers demand bigger power, job security,social status and these factor plays and important role for company’s performance and their individual performance Satisficing model plays least impact managerial decision making. It is the traditional way of thinking about how firms operate. In satisficing model the firm wants to maximize the sales with deliberate level of profit. Satisficing behavior involves the owners setting minimum acceptable levels of achievement in terms of business revenue and profit. In Nepal ,small or medium scale business owned by individual or partnership firm tend to apply satisficing model. Mostly they make some profit constraint based on their aspiration and if the profit level goes below that constraint they rather minimize the sales or stop producing the product since these sort of business lack huge capital and their target market is mostly very limited or less . anagers or owners are staisfied to follow certain pattern and tend to stick to that satisfactory level. Cyert and March’s Behavioral theory argue that a behavioral theory of the firm requires attention to organizationa l goals, expectations, choice, and control. Only through these characteristics can one truly understand how firms function. Their sub theory on organizational goals focuses on how coalitions of individuals bargain to determine the goals of the greater organization. While the goals of individuals within a coalition may be disparate, so long as the resources available are greater than the demands of the members, the coalition, and thus the organization, will be feasible. The organisational slack gives caution in difficult times. behavioural theory are better suited to the problem dealing with the individual firm and those requires numerical results. We can take an example of banks where bonus shares and additional dividends provided by banks as well are based on this very model of managerial decision in business organizations.

Essay on Atypical Childhood Social Behavior and...

The Article describes how endocrine disruptors can produce childhood social impairment and more specifically the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates exposure during pregnancy produces autistic-like social behaviors in children. The specific social behaviors that occur from phthalates and BPA exposure are difficult interpersonal and social awareness skills. Phthalates and BPA, the independent variable, are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). The EDCs interfere with the body’s hormones which are critical to brain development (Braun, 2011). Changes to hormone levels during pregnancy can lead to brain change that can alter childhood behavior. BPA and phthalates are consumer products used in plastics, food can linings, food†¦show more content†¦When the children were between the ages of seven and nine a urine sample was again taken and analyzed to see if the levels of EDC’s had changed, which they did not, and the mothers participated in a standardiz ed test, the dependent variable. The standardized test given to the women was the social responsiveness scale (SRS) (Miodovnik, 2011). This test is the gold standard for the industry for identifying indicators of autism spectrum disorders and was used to produce statistical analysis. The children who were born from mothers having higher concentrations of EDC’s were associated with more atypical social behaviors. Particularly the phthalates found in fragrances and personal care products were most strongly associated with atypical social behaviors. Some of the social behaviors expressed by these children included poorer social cognition, social communication and social awareness. They did not associate with social motivation or autistic mannerisms. It is indicated that further research is needed to establish atypical social motivation and I hope this leads to further research that can be used to change policies at the federal level someday. I believe that their findings are valid because of the many other studies that have produced similar results. The researchers were also careful in their selection of participants as evidenced by

Major Depressive Disorder And Bipolar Disorder Essay

Abstract Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder are both mental illnesses that are debilitating. Normal functioning becomes increasingly difficult as either disorder takes hold of the mind and impacts every facet of the patient’s life. With an increased risk of suicide, they can even lead to an early death. Studies continue on both genetic and environment influences in mental disorders, but neuroscientific research finds out more with each study about how the brain impacts our mental abilities and inabilities. As research opens doors, better treatments can be explored and developed with both medication and psychotherapy. Biological information on mental illness can also help remove the stigma associated with mental illness that tends to belittle the importance of treatment. The more individuals who seek treatment, the more lives who can be positively impacted and even saved. This paper will take a look at several studies that have been performed regarding Major Depressiv e Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Each study deals with biological issues and their impacts on mental illness. Keywords: Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder. The Biological Basis of Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) both can have devastating impacts on the lives of those they affect. A major depressive episode was experienced by an estimated 16.1 million adults in 2015 (NIMH, n.d.). MDD is alsoShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder And Major Depressive Disorder856 Words   |  4 Pagesor depressive mood. It is very normal for us to have our moods affected by day to day life events. People who experience mood disorders get affected longer and more severe to where it affects their lives so badly they can’t function well. Even if things are going well some people still get depressed, or when something they encounter bothers them. People who experience extreme mood swings suffer drastically with their emotions. Their are two types of mood disorders: bipolar disorder and major depressiveRead MoreSymptoms Of Bipolar Disorder And Major Depressive Disorder972 Words   |  4 Pages Mr. Z is a 45-year-old male who demonstrates symptoms of bipo lar disorder and major depressive disorder. In the last two years, he was admitted twice to psychiatric hospitals to be treated for depression and suicidal tendencies. In both of these occasions, Mr. Z argued that he did not suffer from a psychiatric illness, but that he was dying due to a strange disease of aging. However, not one of those who seen Mr. Z could diagnose what the disease was. His wife mentioned to mental health professionalsRead MoreAssociations Between Major Depressive Disorder And Bipolar Disorder1894 Words   |  8 PagesAssociations between Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Major Depressive Episodes are prominent in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder which can create difficultly to the differentiation of the both. As found in Forty et.al (2008)’s study, Major Depressive Episodes contributes to the optimum management of the two disorders, which they also suggest that it is of great clinical importance to be able to distinguish between them. (Kennedy, Lam, Parikh, Patten, Ravindran, 2009)Read MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Unipolar Depression ) And Bipolar Depression2296 Words   |  10 Pagesthe diagnosis of both Major Depressive Disorder (Unipolar depression) and Bipolar Depression can be made on the basis of characteristics of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE). That is, can an MDE in patients with Major Depressive Disorder be differentiated from a MDE in patients with Bipolar Disorder? Firstly, the extremes in mood, Major Depressive Episode and mania/hypomania will be defined and it will be explained how they contribute to a diag nosis of MDD or Bipolar Disorder based on the diagnosticRead MoreUnderstanding Bipolar Disorder And Major Depressive Disorder1219 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder The failure to properly recognize patients who experience symptoms that precipitate those of bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Although diagnostic errors can be made with caution and conscious awareness, the patient’s condition may worsen over time or possibly lead to a tragic death. The purpose of this analysis is to offer insight into the elements of bipolar disorder and majorRead MorePsychology : Human And Emotional Type Of Disorders1734 Words   |  7 Pagessense the overall topic of abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology is and can be thought of as like any other psychology in a way but more specifically it is a psychology that deals with the understanding of mental and emotional type of disorders. As a psychology major you get to look at psychology through many forms, this is done with an objective which prepares you so to see which focus you find or can connect to most, most often for personal or l ogical base reasons. A subject or topic that caughtRead MoreSummary Of The DSM-5877 Words   |  4 Pagesneed for a classification of mental disorders has been clear throughout the history of medicine. The American Psychiatric Association, the DSM was first published in 1984. The DSM-IV symptom criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are somewhat lengthy, many studies showing that treatment providers have difficulty recalling all nine symptoms (American Psychological Association, 2010). The symptom inclusion criteria for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) have remained essentially unchangedRead MoreBipolar, A State Of Sadness, And Mania1313 Words   |  6 PagesShifts of moods and behaviors are normal but when exceeding the time frame of when those shifts last it can cause a disorder. A disorder known as Bipolar. Bipolar is concluded to be alternating periods of depression and mania. Depression, being, a state of sadness, and mania, a state of high energy in whi ch a person seems capable of taking over the world. These symptoms of bipolar ultimately lead to the question of what causes people to be in depressed or manic. Can a time of mania ultimately causeRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1100 Words   |  5 PagesBIPOLAR DISORDER What is bipolar disorder? A disorder with episode of mood swing ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. Each episode usually last days to week at a time. Episodes may occur several times a year or throughout the year. Mania symptoms include periods of elevated mood of irritability. When experiencing a manic episode a patient often has high energy levels with reduced need for sleep. Less often, people may experience psychosis. Depression symptoms include feeling sad, low energyRead More Overview of Mood Disorders Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mood Disorders category of the DSM-IV-TR, is one of the most dense categories and probably one of the most commonly talked about categories. People often make comments about being depressed or having bipolar disorder; however, they might not truly meet the diagnostic criteria to receive the diagnosis. There are several diagnoses in the Mood Disorders category which have been organized into the following subsections: Major Depressive Di sorder, Dysthymic Disorder, Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise

Love Is A Cornerstone Of Literature - 1331 Words

Love is something that every human being as capable of feeling. No matter how hard an individual tries to avoid it, they will at one time or another will be blindsided by love. Love can come in many different forms, love for parents, love for money, love for country, to name of few. Love is something that our race has been focused on since the beginning. Civilizations have written about love throughout the ages and it has been a cornerstone of literature. Love has started wars, ended nations, created treaties and dissolved monarchs. Not only does love transcend human law when restricted but also transcends time and space. People who have been in long distance relationships can attest that no matter how far you are away from your loved one, that love does not diminish and in many cases grows stronger. The love for one’s significant other has been said to be â€Å"true† love, the love that transcends all and is more important than life itself in some cases. True love cann ot be based solely on outward appearance or the physical longing for someone but is much deeper and reaches the spiritual and emotional base of our existence. True love demands commitment to another person on a level in which most people have only committed to themselves. The Bible tries to define love as patient and kind; that love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth.Show MoreRelatedA Speech On Cornerstone Education1086 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Cornerstone Education PGS I have received my Associates degree in Business this week, I am thrilled by this accomplishment. I did not plan that I would finish, I thought that I would enjoy each moment of this journey without expectations and I did. The Professional and Graduate Studies program at Cornerstone University has enriched my life with the freedom to write in my worldview, to reflect creatively, and invited a new way of being outside my inner circle that has opened a bigger world. TheRead MorePuritan Literature Essay885 Words   |  4 Pageselement of fear when addressing his congregation. Puritan values, ideals, and beliefs are reflected and expressed in the works of all three of these influential writers. A passage from James Russell Lowell’s â€Å"The Bigelow Papers†, stresses how literature was not as significant in Puritan society because the prominent men and women were occupied â€Å"...putting their force into the strong and most urgent tasks pertaining to this world and the next.† (â€Å"The Bigelow Papers†). Anne Bradstreet was a poetRead MoreThe Curriculum And Expression Of A System Of Personal Values975 Words   |  4 Pagesenjoyment of English and an appreciation of its value and role in learning.† (BOSTES, 2009) Within the 7-10 curriculum students are encouraged to engage with a range of texts that encompass broad uses of language and literature in many contexts from Shakespeare to children’s literature and advertisements. Students are examining these topics to â€Å"support the development and expression of a system of personal values based on students understanding of moral and ethical matters, and give expression to theirRead MoreA Woman Love for a Man1201 Words   |  5 Pageshusband loves her. B. In â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband†, Anne values her relationship with her husband more than anything. III. Both authors use literary concepts to make their writings easier to understand. A. In â€Å"Story of an Hour†, the line free, free, free tells us that Louise feels free after learning of her husband’s death. B. In â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband†, the line I prize thy love more than mines of gold tells us that she values their love very much. A WOMAN’S LOVE FOR A MAN Read MoreEliezer Wiesels Relationships1270 Words   |  6 Pagesloving people through the Holocaust. No one deserves to be beaten, starved, and killed just for their different skin complexion, or their religious belief, or even their social class. During the Holocaust, â€Å"Faith is the cornerstone of a relationship with God; it is also the cornerstone of Eliezers relationships with others, which in turn give him a sense of his own identity. It is shared faith in God which binds the Jews of Sighet together, and it is faith in each other which makes those relationshipsRead Moreâ€Å"Now Those Who Were Scattered Abroad Went About [Through1247 Words   |  5 Pagescomprise most of modern Turkey—Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia. New Testament literature features the provinces of Asia and Galatia most prominently.† Peter, being the Apostle, was reassuring the people that through the word of God, they could find assurance by continually loving one another. â€Å"Since you have in obedience to the truth purified your souls for a sincere love of the brethren, fervently love one another from the heart,† (vs.22). In any case, Peter’s major purpose or theme seemsRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Use of Characterization Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterization has been the cornerstone of literature for centuries. Character presentation can attain any work fame or shame. Geoffrey Chaucer, a pioneer of English Literature’s works carried mass appeal. His best known works appealed to those of all walks of life. Chaucer’s work resulted in mass appeal because it used many forms of characterization to present the characters to the reader. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses thoughts and actions, his word, andRead MoreEssay about Oedipus the King and Oedipus Complex612 Words   |  3 Pagesstages are the age related developmental periods in which sexual impulses are exerted through different bodily zones and then activities are associated with those areas in the bodily zones. These is when a young child will transfer his love object from the breast to the mother. When the child gives up the breast and moves to the mother it is known as the oral phase. The child then has the sexual desire for the opposite sex parent and will usually have hostility towards Read MoreThe Subconscious Mind, By Edgar Allen Poe1536 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the subconscious mind. However, literature is also a remarkable avenue for exploring and interpreting the subconscious mind. With that, Edgar Allen Poe was a master at exploring the often cryptic and labyrinth-like world contained within the mind. One of his greatest examples of this exploration took place in his short story Ligeia. In it, Poe delved into the world of the subconscious mind and self though the eyes of an unnamed narrator and his true love, the lady Ligeia. At the core of theRead MoreModernism Defined in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and James Joyces The Dead1506 Words   |  7 Pagesthe movement has even ended yet. But that’s befitting of the period, as well as the pieces of literature that serve to define Modernism. Two pieces, T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead†, are epitom es of this modernism. In both, the main characters are paralyzed by an inability to communicate, even while speaking. Whether through Prufrock’s musings concerning love life, or Gabriel’s inability to evoke certain feelings out of his wife, both men experience this

The Code Of Ethics For Educators - 974 Words

1. If you were Janet, how would you handle the situation? According to Association of American Educators (1994-2015), â€Å"The professional educator maintains sound mental health, physical stamina, and social prudence necessary to perform the duties of any professional assignment.† Prudence means discreet (careful and circumspect in one s speech or actions, especially in order to avoid causing offense or to gain an advantage), which in regards to this teacher’s situation, means that if the code of ethics for educators states that if he is careful and abides by all the laws and ethics, it could be okay. If his school has policies to follow that discourage dating a student’s parent, then he would have to stop until he is not that student’s teacher or try to have that student put into another classroom. I think that Janet is faced with an ethical dilemma because she has to make sure it won’t turn into an unethical issue for everyone to include the student, teacher, and parent and school administration. Janet may have to come up with alternative solutions or tell the teacher not to date until he is no longer that student’s teacher. 2. Which ethical theory or theories support your approach? Why? Duty ethics could be one ethical theory in this situation because if you are doing the right thing in theory, without have regard for the consequences of the actions, you have to have the proper intention when performing that action. Jeremy Bentham, who believed in the principles ofShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics For Educators Standards775 Words   |  4 PagesThe code of ethics is an important set of regulations for education professionals to succeed. They are an outline of rules to assure that educators know what is required of them; they are instruments for optimum performance for all in the profession. The three components from the two codes of ethics we had for this class that I consider most important are Georgia Code of Ethics for Educators Standard 4: Honesty, Georgia Code of Ethics for Educators Standard: 10 Professional Conduct, and CEC SpecialRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Codes are in use today by many organizations to clearly establish their values and provide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care orga nizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (LittletonRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics For Education917 Words   |  4 PagesMy area of study is in education. The code of ethics for education falls into three different categories, ethical conduct towards the students, ethical conduct practices, and ethical conduct towards colleagues. Educators have a moral responsibility to have a learning environment that fulfills and helps their students reach their full potential. According to the Code of Educators, â€Å"The professional educator accepts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help themRead MoreA Code Of Ethics For Teachers1334 Words   |  6 Pages The Need for a Code of Ethics for Teachers and How Positive and Professional Dispositions Must Be Exhibited Prior to and During Student Teaching Aliesha R. Phillips The University of Southern Mississippi Ethics falls under a broad definition that can be defined in many ways: â€Å"The term ethics is defined as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation; 2a) a set of moral principles; 2b) the principles of conduct governing an individual or a groupRead MoreCode Of Conduct And Conduct991 Words   |  4 PagesNEA Code of Conduct vs. NAEYC Code of Conduct The NEA code of conduct and the NAEYC code of conduct, were created for the same purpose, to demonstrate the ethical principles that teachers have to uphold in their job. Although they are different, their overall principles are basically the same. It is the teacher’s job to respect all parties involved in a child’s education and they must do no harm to the child. The teacher is responsible for all aspects of the child’s education and making sure thatRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics And Education1366 Words   |  6 PagesEthics and education are both complementary to the other. Education lacking ethics is nothing but nothing learning without purpose and when ethics are when one develops the right ethics then education is essential. What we should know is that the main purpose of education lies in the enlightenment of mind that gives us and our children the ability to choose between what is moral and what is immoral. A code of ethics within any workplace is a set of written principles regarding conduct and behaviorRead MoreCode Of Ethics Is Absolutely Essential For Every Education Major1297 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics The Code of Ethics is absolutely essential for every education major to have a strong understanding of. This code presents the main rules and regulations that apply to future teachers to ensure the best behavior and actions possible, inside and outside of the classroom. It is a clear guide of unethical activities that teachers may never indulge in without risking suspension, revocation, denial, or reprimand of any teaching certificate. The code is broken down into eleven differentRead MoreNorth Carolina Code Of Ethics1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe North Carolina Code of Ethics can be described as a constitution for fellow educators. The purpose of the North Carolina Code of Ethics is to guarantee a secure, honest, and professional environment for both students and teachers. As the Code of Ethics states, â€Å"The educator strives to maintain the respect and confidence of colleagues, students, parents and legal guardians, and the community, and to serve as an appropriate role modelâ € . In the North Carolina Code of Ethics there are three categoriesRead MoreA Discussion Of Administrative Law Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesregulations established by the agency are known as administrative laws (Walsh, Maniotis, Kemerer, 2014). Educators must follow the laws passed by the state legislature such as the Texas Education Code (TEC), which contains numerous guidelines related to the education of our students (Essex, 2008). Administrative laws impact the daily instruction of the K-12 education system. Educators must be cognizant of these laws because the laws ensure a successful learning environment for all students.Read MoreIeee Code Of Ethics And Standards Of Conduct880 Words   |  4 PagesLaRenda Harrison, director of alternative education program for the Brookhaven Public schools, I was given the following information pertaining to the training used to introduce MS Code of Ethics and Standards of conduct process for inexperienced teachers and to update career teachers, Ms Harrison stated that the MS Code of Ethics and Standards are covered in new teacher orientation before the commencement of the school term. Once school is in session, building level administrators are to review standards

History of Alcohol Free Essays

Alcohol: Past, Present, and Future Karl Ballenger Mrs. Hines Communication Arts 200 period 7 February 20, 2007 The beginning of Alcohol While no one knows when alcohol was first used as a beverage (or even created) we do know that it has been used for over ten thousand years. Archeologists to this day are discovering old beer mug containers from the B. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Alcohol or any similar topic only for you Order Now C period. Some other archeologist and a few scientists believe it was created in an experimental accident. Like most failed experiments alcohol was soon to be one of the most popular drinks in America. Not only was it going to impact America it impacted the whole world. Everyone would you alcohol in many different ways medicinal purposes, in South America and in the Middle East. They would use it for celebrations any type of celebration and it would be used in sacrifices or offering rituals too. As alcohol caught on people realized what a problem it could be. Everyday people would use alcohol as an everyday beverage not knowing what the affect could be or do; it wasn’t long until everyone was catching on to the harmful effects of the alcohol. Soon after Americans and people all over the world soon were able to control alcohol not before alcohol had gone through prohibition and much other banishment in countries and cultures. Alcohol is considered a drug though some people may not agree we all that once you had too much alcohol you’re not yourself. Although Americans were no always getting to the point where they were unconscious and becoming â€Å"drunk†, there was a lot tolerance for the type of people who would drink alcohol everyday they just knew how to control their selves. Alcohol in Early America Alcohol in early America was highly accepted, everyone would have their fair share of drinks. Alcohol can be easily found in the old days because it was so easy to make, before bars there were pubs and before that people would just drink in their own homes instead of going out to drink. It was so easy to make because alcohol back then would mostly be wine, wine was the typical form of alcohol to be found because it is made up fruits, any kind of fruits but if you wanted stronger tastier wine you would specific types of fruits. The most commonly type of fruit that people would use are grapes, after you pick them you would press them then add in some sugar and water basically and then some yeast. Then allow for fermentation to proceed. As time goes by you would have yourself some tasty drinkable wine. And from their you would end up having your many liquors and eventually beer. It wasn’t long until alcohol played a big role in American history which begun in the 1920s, which was when alcohol became prohibited for a time. Americans have always drunk alcohol especially beer liquor in the 1900s, they would drink daily â€Å"since the availability and purity of water supplies and other drinkable liquids were uncertain† (Clayton Rivers 94). Drinking was used as a social activity everyone would feel a little more comfortable than usually with a little wine or beer in their system; it would be breaking the social barrier at gathering for the shy people so that they can interact more. At the same time there has always been a passionate opposition towards alcohol many people would think it is evil and created by the â€Å"devil† because of the nasty effects and the illness’s that it caused. It would even ruin people financially in some cases because of the addiction people would have with it, â€Å"it was typical to see people in saloons night and day†(Karen F Balken04) for weeks just drinking or trying to get the bartender to give them a free drink. So there would be a huge conflict between the alcoholic supporters â€Å"wets† and the non supporters â€Å"dry’s† (Adam Wong03) has existed throughout American history, since the 20th century. It wasn’t until 1919 when the â€Å"dry movement† (Adam Wong03) achieved its greatest victory by banding alcohol nationwide. In 1919 a majority of states ratified the eighteen amendment to the constitution, which states: â€Å"After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the importation thereof into, or the exportation hereof from the U. S and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is here by prohibited† (Adam Wong03). This banishment, called Prohibition, went into effect in 1920: it was accompanied by the† Volstead Act† (Clayton rivers94), congressional legislation that provided specific rules for enforcing the ban. So for the n ext 13 years prohibition remained in place, President Calvin Coolidge called it â€Å"the greatest social experiment of modern times† (President Calvin Coolidge). Prohibition in the 1920s Although Prohibition continued until 1933 it remains most closely associated with the 1920. in the 1920s â€Å"it was a colorful period in history† (Adam Wong03) bracketed on both ends by tragedy and misfortune. At the start of the twenties, America was just recovering from the devastation and deprivation of World War 1. At the decade’s end the stock market crashed of 1929 which then fell into the great depression and years of hardship. Then in between the 1920s it was a time of unusual prosperity, the economy seemed to be on an endless climb. That no one can believe, it was a type of miracle people had enough money to buy amazing new devices like radios, refrigerators and washing machines. Even the poorest family of the towns and states were able to afford a car, it was also an era of significant social change and great fun, â€Å"it was so fun that it was nicknamed the roaring twenties† and the â€Å"Jazz Age† (Adam Wong03). Everyone was relived and could relax after all the harsh full events that America had went through that now they were able to kick back and relax. People would listen to the radio dance in the nightclubs and saw â€Å"talkies† (which are present day movies) everyone was just happy to have their freedom back. Although the 1920s was a fun-loving atmosphere the people would still have to sustain the ban of liquor. But finally the anti alcohol forces succeeded and they were able to get across the eighteenth amendment and the Volstead act. The advocates who wrote and backed these new laws assumed that a majority of Americans would go along with it. They thought that even though you didn’t like the new law you would have to follow it because it was law of the land. But nonetheless law abiding citizens were still able to secretly drink liquor and beer by home brewing it. These illegal drinking parlors were called â€Å"speakeasies† (Adam Wong03). Criminal gangs and known thieves would smuggle the liquor and beer and they made a fortune each one of these â€Å"speakeasies† had their own little illegal organization by selling the illegal liquor. The law enforcement like nowadays would be corrupted by these small organizations with either money or liquor as a bribe and so there wasn’t really a stop to these guys. Prohibition Gone the Right to Drink Prohibition affected millions of Americans but it even went into deeper meaning than just not being able to drink, it touched onto a fundamental issue in American life. The role of government in regulating private lives. â€Å"Many Americans felt that a degree of federal control is justified for the good of the majority† (Adam Wong03). However others argued that the rights of each individual American citizen and states should not be limited by the federal government. This particular group argued that the federal government had no right to mandate something as personal and as trivial compared with serious crimes as drinking habits. â€Å"it was incredible to many people that the federal government, which had thoughtfully left their murders, lynching’s, adulteries, discriminations, frauds, and other transgressions to the disciplines of their state legislatures, would ever take a primary and oppressive interest in what American citizens might want to drink† (Historian Norman H. Clark). The conflict over liquor was a long hard-fought battle. But in the end everyone had their right to drink. Alcohol in modern days and future Present day alcohol is still considered somewhat of a menace to society, because alcohol by itself does no harm or damage to anyone, it is our actions and alcohol combined that make it a threat to anyone. In today’s society there have been over millions of alcohol related accidents involving car accidents and suicides and homicides. Every time someone gets into a problem with the police they blame the alcohol they had that it was to strong or they didn’t know what it had in it either way they blame it on the alcohol. Although alcohol does have a affects on you and your body it disrupts your nervous system and disrupts your brain waves so that you don’t have full control of your body. But you should already know that, you learn about alcohol your whole life on television school your parents. Alcohol does not change people; the people change their selves by drinking the alcohol, alcohol is a gateway drug which means that it leads to more drugs and more suffering to you and to the people who care about you. Alcohol should be thought up of in moderation like everything, everything and anything is bad for you in moderation so you must be able to control yourself when comes to things like alcohol and drugs alcohol is not as nearly serious as drug but it can lead up to either doing drugs or addiction. Alcohol addiction or an alcoholic is a person who must have some type of alcohol in their system their body won’t function well without the alcohol so they must drink every day. But there is special rehabilitation centers to help those kind of people who want to change their life and stop drinking. These places change people’s lives into a good path redirect them to a healthier long lasting life. One of the most important things that alcohol affects could be ones family, alcohol affects about 95 percent families in the United States. And especially affects the kids alcoholics lead to divorces in their family and can ruin sometimes child’s lives and lead them down that same path. There has always so many domestic violence around in America because of alcoholics and what they do to their wives and their children. After they realize what they have done its almost always too late they lose their job their belongings and their families so they basically ruin their lives. Now in the future who knows how bad alcohol and peoples actions will be with all of these new types of drinks they are creating everyday people will just continue drinking without getting any help and lives will be ruined the percentage of alcohol related deaths will probably increase , there is no telling on how bad alcohol will go. Bibliography http://www. drugrehab. net/the-history-of-alcohol-in-america/ http://www2. potsdam. edu/hansondj/Controversies/1114796842. html Alcohol Abuse: Clayton Rivers Prohibition Banning Alcohol: Adam Wong How to cite History of Alcohol, Papers

Caltex Star Mart Vision for Technology in Supermarket

Question: Describe About the Caltex star mart Vision for technology in supermarket? Answer: Caltex Star Mart is one of the leading convenience store serving the customers in various parts of the world with globally refined services. With a huge experience and outstanding services, the stores have integrated elements of communication and technology within their general operations to enhance their customer service experience. With the inclusion of information and communication technology in the business of supermarket, there have been minimal chances of human errors which have further enhanced the efficiency of the works done. Caltex Star Mart have recognized the importance of IT department in providing cutting edge strategies for companys success and as a catalyst for innovative operations in the company. The company should integrate IT into their core strategies and operational plans (Qiang, 2006) so as to stay competent in the super market industry and attract the customers towards their brand for enriching the brand value. They key is to leverage the features of information and communication technology to match up with the preferences of the customers and to stay ahead of the trends every time. The use of information and communication technology attaches the potential customers to the store and ease up their shopping experience. The websites for the supermarket provides the potential customers with the latest products offered the store as well as complete information associated with it. Who would not want to know about the quantity, price, contents and everything associated with the product well in advance and make personal choices? Some of the supermarkets also offer recipes for the product available at their store to attract a huge customer base (Abramovsky, 2006). The super mark et have envisaged the crucial and important role of information and communication technology to bring the marketing to the level of smartphones and make applications that can further make the process of buying at just one click away. Facebook, Twitter and what not are in the list of social media marketing sites for these companies which is also a boon by the use of ICT! Supermarkets are paying heed to the affinity of customers towards technology by opening up various paths and doors for effective communication (Basl, 2009). The crucial introduction of enterprise resource planning, customer relationship marketing, management information system and other sophisticated technologies, business have progressed at an exponential rate and have entered into innovative dimensions of the business world. Inclusion of principles of technology into the supermarket business have made it possible for the company to extend its territory from Australia to other parts of the world too. IT has a major role to play to enrich the business with innovative techniques and to conquer the market with yet another strategy born out of the creativity imbibed due to the gift of ICT in business. The value of IT in business is immeasurable so is the scope of it is. IT acts as an enabler of competitive advantage, a facilitator for new markets (Hoogervorst, 2002), catalyst for agile development, enhancer of quality of decision making, support for the business systems, source for risk reduction and a medium for customer engagement. References: Qiang, C. Z. W., Clarke, G. R., Halewood, N. (2006). The role of ICT in doing business.Global Trends and Policies,57. Abramovsky, L., Griffith, R. (2006). Outsourcing and offshoring of business services: How important is ICT?.Journal of the European Economic Association,4(2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3), 594-601. Basl, J., Gla, L. (2009). The role of ICT in business innovation.IDIMT-2009 System and HumansA Complex Relationship, 67-76. Hoogervorst, J. A., Koopman, P. L., Flier, H. V. D. (2002). Human resource strategy for the new ICT-driven business context.International Journal of Human Resource Management,13(8), 1245-1265.

Business Ethics for Blood - Sweat and T-shirts- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethics for Blood,Sweat and T-shirts. Answer: Introduction The Blood, Sweat and T-shirts is a documentary series that was first broadcasted in 2008 on BBC. The series was followed by six of the fashion consumers from British and were aged between 20-24. The organisers and the team member of the Blood, Sweat and T-shirts have travelled to India, lived here, and tried to understand the workplace environment. They noted the workplace, the workers and how they made clothes which are destined for the sale in the various British high street stores. In this report, the various perspectives of this organisation will be explained keeping in mind the corporate social responsibility. This series of the Blood, sweat and T shirts is basically a set up on the Indian environment and the workers who are amongst the social backward people. This series was nominated the best factual series in its category in the 2009 BAFTA Television awards (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). In this report the various ethical issues, corporate social responsibility and th e ethical theory related to this Blood, Sweat and T shirt organisation will be explained. Ethical Issues The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) is a new guideline that provides hints and guidelines that provides tips and hints that helps to promote the ethical trade in the fashions industry. There is a need to create more and more people who are concerned about the different ways who can make their clothes (DesJardins McCall, 2014). The consumers want to shop ethnically who are not sure of the different things they do. The ethical trade is regarded as the complex area that needs to show some of the new guidelines that is a simple step that might take everyone in the ranging steps. There is a need to know the ethical pest that the people need to know and it is OK about about it. There is a need to shop ethically that they are not sure of what exactly to be done. The ethical trade is a complex one that is a new one that shows that there are some of the simple steps that need to be taken on the various ranging checking that have the ETI as its the member of the company. The ETI is a member o f the company that has a sign up to that that relates to asking the various tough questions related to the fashion retailers. Corporate Social Responsibility The CSR or the corporate social responsibility is considered as a management system where the company integrates with various environmental concerns that help in their business operations and making their interactions with the various stakeholders (DesJardins McCall, 2014). The business strategy and the social responsibility of the various six and young addicts in the world of fashion has an experience of their own. They are making clothes for the high street people in Britain and in the various parts of the mills and their cotton belts in the mills of the India that has their clothes stitched in their cramped back room (Crane Matten,2016). There is also a need to have cramped back rooms along with the sewing machine as their next sleeping machine that needs to showcase the changes that relates to their attitudes in the cut piece pricing level of the clothing. The Blurb from the reality show of BBC makes a discovery of the blog in an interesting way (Weiss, 2014). The CSR strategy i s quite strong of the Blood Sweat and T shirts organisation and it tries to maintain every possible way that will make it prosper more in the future days. The CSR initiative is based on the three major activity of any broadcasting organization that is the planning, executing and the monitoring. Using these three main ways any organisation can reach its goal of delivering the best to their customers. There is a need to make a good CSR strategy that will eventually help the company to bring out its best to the customers (Trevino Nelson, 2016). Ethical Theory The ethical theory is based on the various ways that has a leading case study of the discussion that needs to provide guideline to the various steps of the discussion in the case study. There are various moral theory that acts as the tool that might help an individual to think logically on several issues (Chell et al. 2016). There is a need to arrive at a certain point in the decision that might be defended in a rational way. The ethical theory is termed as the mechanism for assessing the various particular actions that might be ruled and to be more precise there is need to make an individual feel and arrive at a certain levels (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). The various moral theories that can be ranged are from the Utilitarianism that has their base on what is called the morally right on the consequences of several actions. The various theories related to deontological, has a base concepts of what is considered morally right based on the laws that is universally accepted that might exis t outside of a specific situation. These are the certain approaches that differ significantly, from all the moral theories have two things in common (Armstrong et al. 2015). In case of the moral theory there is a need to be helpful, that should provide one with the various sources of the moral values (reasons behind why we should be moral), and it should provide a complete framework or strategy for the ranks in the moral norms when there is a confrontation of the dilemma. Some of the organizations misuse the poor workers for the sake of work and they do not even bother to pay them their right (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). The ethical theory for every organization is almost the same that includes not exploiting the workers. This must be kept in mind because the workers are poor in most cases and mostly their ignorance is taken as an advantage. The issues of the sustainability and labour to the various frequencies of the various debates and the seasons around the world of the ethical issues can easily turn judgmental. The morality is the objective of the ethics that has the philosophical theory of the different types that may be compared with one another. Th e Blood, Sweat and T shirt is one of the major web series that bring light upon the various segments of the difficulty that are faced by the poor workers (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). The workers could easily be exploited just because mostly they are uneducated and the owners treat this as an advantage. The behavior that has been attributed to the various social comparisons explains that the consumers are acting as the self defence that has not been viewed by the inferior to the ethical consumers. They usually do not care about the different ethical issues that have been reminded as not being acted upon. Generally, in accordance to those values while the rest feel sorry about themselves and how they lash out some of them who were not made to feel in that way to be precise (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). Conclusion From this report, the various segments of this report that is based primarily on the business ethics of the Blood, Sweat and T shirts have been explained. The ethical theory along with the corporate social responsibility has been explained. The various issues on the grounds of the ethical norms have been discussed. It can be easily concluded that the poor workers who are working for the big organizational company are easily exploited because of their ignorance and are often cheated upon in terms of the payments. Reference Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 619-625. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014). Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C. (2014). Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014). Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Medeiros, K. E., Watts, L. L., Mulhearn, T. J., Steele, L. M., Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S. (2017). What is Working, What is Not, and What We Need to Know: a Meta-Analytic Review of Business Ethics Instruction. Journal of Academic Ethics, 1-31. Michalos, A. C. (2017). The impact of trust on business, international security and the quality of life. In How Good Policies and Business Ethics Enhance Good Quality of Life (pp. 127-153). Springer International Publishing. Robinson, S., Dowson, P. (2017). Business ethics in practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. Weiss, J. W. (2014). Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay Example

Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald was published in nineteen twenty-two in the Metropolitan Magazine.   Fitzgerald was labeled the spokesperson for the reckless youth of the nineteen twenties and for a good reason.   He was a part of this reckless youth, he was eloquent, and he had an insight of where it would lead that the others did not.   The theme of the short story is Fitzgerald’s insight to those who get carried away in attaining the American Dream and see it as an attainment for wealth and only wealth and how that alone does not make an individual happy.Dexter Green, the protagonist, comes from an upper middle class family and is dissatisfied from his youth.   He wants to attain wealth and the all of the things in life that he associates with the wealthy.   Golfing, belonging to a country club, and possessing the richest girl in town are all things that Dexter thinks he has to have to prove that he has achieved his goal.   He does become a wealthy man, he comes home to be accepted in the social circles where he was once only good enough to work, but he has not achieved the goal of obtaining Judy Jones, the daughter of the wealthiest man in town. Judy Jones is a horrible person who does not know how to love, yet what she represents means more to Dexter than the person He is not satisfied with what he has, because he cannot have it all.   Fitzgerald saw this as becoming a problem with the materialistic attitudes of the nineteen twenties.   Today it is easy to look back and see that if those living then would have just realized what they had, and appreciated things, then the crash of twenty-nine might not have happened.   Even though it is easy to see this now when one looks back, it is difficult to internalize about the present generation.Fitzgerald’s style is evident in Winter Dreams because he uses his characteristic descriptive details and his realistic dialogue.   Fitzgerald was a melancholy person, and in his writin g he points out the sins of his generations and generations to come, but it is obvious through his tone that he feels that people will not learn from their mistakes and will be doomed to repeat them.   The substitution of the word winter for American when it comes to dreams is symbolic of the things that are cold with no feeling and glitter in the sunlight.   They also melt away when warmth is applied.   This short story that is structured into sections which skip several years between each of the parts is ironic in that Dexter does not achieve his winter dream because it was impossible from the start.Winter Dreams is a short story that is universal.   It spoke volumes to people of the nineteen twenties and to every generation since.   When people chase winter dreams, they will fade before their eyes just like the season.

Essay on Human Resources

Essay on Human Resources Essay on Human Resources Sample Essay on Human Resources: My basic plan if hired App sense being a leader in user virtualization for enterprise organizations has in the past won this title through what I believe is sheer hard work from all the concerned quarters of the company. I take note of the fact that App sense has managed to win awards due to the fact I have just outlined. In light of this view, my basic plan is focused in maintaining the success of App Sense and at the same time take it to higher levels. Secondly, I strongly believe that for any company to flourish and prosper in its returns and profits, the organizational culture should be cohesive. Therefore I will strive to get acquainted to my workmates so as to enable a harmonious working environment that is aimed at achieving high performance. (Stutley) Thirdly, it is a known fact that customer satisfaction, cohesiveness among workmates and good relations between the management and employees are some of the factors that are the backbone of a human resource manager. Once again, I take note that App Sense has already established itself in these fields. I say established because the company has realized customers all over the world. Customers like: JP Morgan Chase, Lowes, United Airlines, Wachovia, ESPN and Richard Ellis. My basic plan here is to try and ensure that these worldwide customers are fully satisfied in terms of customer services. While keeping this in mind, I will also develop techniques of increasing the company’s global network. In increasing the global network, as a human resource manager, I will ensure good relations are fostered between the company and the customers so as to secure a long lasting relationship. Outline form of a 30-60-90 plan My first 30 day plan will be geared towards making myself familiar with App Sense Company. By this I mean I will learn company systems. Since App Sense is a company that largely involves the use of systems as its product; user virtualization manages user specific information of the desktop and applying this information on any given desktop- I will have to learn more about this so as to be fully conscious and get a technical knowhow. Secondly, I will strive to master the product knowledge in this case being user virtualization. Thirdly, I will ensure that I address important and immediate needs of the company and also identify areas that should be given priority for action. Lastly, it is vital that I meet with other key members of the company and other key players so as to familiarize myself with them with the aim of learning more about company processes, policies, procedures, norms and the general management structure of the company. My plan for the next thirty days will largely involve the clientele of the company. By this I mean I will ensure that I am introduced to the customers and that I also review customer satisfaction. By reviewing customer satisfaction, I mean seeing if there are ways I might enhance the company-customer relationship with the aim of better results. Also I will strive to ensure that the workforce is not only united but committed to excel. My final thirty days plan will be aimed at reviewing the recruiting structure of the company, reviewing the various functions of the workforce, engaging all departments in effective communication that I might be able to get to know of the situations at hand, reviewing financial records and seeing that business functions are adequately catered for. Research and Review of the Company App Sense, as I have noted above is in the business of user virtualization which entails managing user specific information and applying this information to any desktop. In light of this view I will ensure that I review the company processes and policies so as to see what I can enhance or improve on these issues. With the aim of improving internal competition I will instill competitiveness by reviewing and improving the rewards given by the company by offering rewards on the basis of performance among employee.

Bad lending leading to the East Asian crisis in 1990s Essay

Bad lending leading to the East Asian crisis in 1990s - Essay Example 347). The basic diagnosis attributed the crisis to the financial chaos caused by the financial systems riddled by the insider dealings, weak corporate governance, and corruption that caused inefficient spending investment. This weakened stability in the banking system. The economies in East Asia were successful for generations, and the crisis in1997 was unanticipated despite Yung Chul Park (1996) warning against impending crisis. Many foreign investors invested a lot of funds even at the onset of the crisis (Choe and Chinmay 2007, p. 232-255). This paper investigates on the bad lending that led to the financial crisis in East Asia in 1990s. This is because of the success of economies  in East Asia that led to massive financial inflows in years leading to crisis, with few warning signs. Background to financial crisis Central to the full understanding of the cause of East Asian crisis is multifaceted evidence on the structure of the incentives used by financial and corporate sectors, which operated in the area. The moral problem magnified the financial vulnerability during the liberalization of the market in 1990s. This exposed fragility concerning the macroeconomic and the financial shocks that occurred between 1995 and 1997. This problem exhibited the three different, yet interrelated dimensions at corporate, the financial and the international level (Choe and Chinmay 2007, p. 232-255). The political pressures at the corporate level maintained high economic growth rates that guaranteed the private projects under government control. Even in the absence of the explicit bail-out promises, strategies and production plans of the corporate sector overlooked the riskiness and the costs of the investment projects. The industrial and financial policy enmeshed in the widespread business sector of political and personal favouritism and markets operated under the impression of their investment returns being insured from the adverse shocks. This represented underpinnings of the sustained process of accumulation of capital leading to account deficits. The investment rate remained high because of the fall in interest rates of neighbouring countries like Japan. As a result, banks borrowed excessively from abroad as well as lending excessively at home (Ichikawa 1998, p. 155-179). Extensive liberalization of the capital markets consistently provided large supply of funds at minimized costs to the domestic, corporate sector and national financial institutions. This motivated the exchange rate policies that reduced volatility of domestic currency in US dollars lowering the risk premium on the dollar-denominated debt. Internationally, moral hazard hinged on behaviour of the international banks. Over the period that led to crisis, international bands rented a lot of funds to the domestic intermediaries in the region neglecting the risk assessment standards. They presumed the direct government guarantee to the short-term interbank liabilities through bailout using the IMF support programs (Ichikawa 1998, p. 155-179). The stagnation of economy in Japan in 1990s lowered the exports from Asian countries. Few months before the crisis in East Asia, economy of Japan declined significantly, thus shattering the recovery process. The fall in ‘semi-conductors’ demand in 1996, and the adverse fluctuations in trade worsened the trade balances between 1996 and

Nursing Education Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Education Philosophy - Essay Example According to the report findings  constructivist is defined as a method that is based on observation and scientific on how people learn study. Nursing training should support learners to have an organized way of applying knowledge. As there are significant differences in how nurses are supervised within the realm of nurse education in Oman as compared to other countries in the West, those differences form the focus of this paper. Currently, in Oman, nursing students receive their academic education, clinical supervision and speciality training from the same academic educators. This is in contrast to how nurses are educated in the UK, the United States, Australia, and most of Europe wherein nursing students have the academic component, which emphasized the practical part using simulation for accurate leaning, and engage with professionals in the field as part of higher education.  This paper highlights that  a lens of Constructivist will frame the paper in order to examine the e fficacy and value of this current method that utilizes both observational and scientific justification in drawing conclusion in nursing education. Constructivist is a normative ethical theory that holds that the most effective and economical action is the one considered to support learners in constructing their knowledge while under the supervision of a facilitator.  The information requires re-publishing in order to produce the most efficient methodology that involve the finding a result that aligns with the goals of nursing practice.

The Past, Present Future of Mäori Smokers

The Past, Present Future of Mà ¤ori Smokers Introduction Tobacco with the scientific name of Nicotiana tabacum is a plant known to originate on South America during prehistoric times and spread northward to North America. Long before Columbus discovered America 5000 years ago it was believed that the Native Americans already adapted, domesticated and refined the use of tobacco. Europeans and Spanish explorers spread tobacco to Europe and then to Asia including here in New Zealand, since then â€Å"tobacco is the fastest spreading plant in human history† (Herrick, C., Herrick, C., Mitchel, M. 2010). Native Americans first use this by shamans (medicine men) in sacred ceremonies by drying the leaves and smoking it in pipes. Tobacco have played an important role in the history, it is an important bartering product during the precolonial times and was one of the cause in the spread of slavery and the means to win the war for the independence of America. Now a days, many people all over the world use tobacco as a recreation despite the ma ny negative known effects from its use. People smoke tobacco because of its psychoactive effects which in turn relieve anxiety or a means of relaxation from stress and pressure, it stimulate the mind to be more active and sometimes cause hallucination; while most of the time people specifically the younger generations start to smoke to look mature, be like their friends and to experiment. By the time the younger generation becomes an adult, they become addicted and becomes their habit they cannot get away from in the long run. Tobacco smoking known to cause serious preventable diseases that could lead to death such as cancers of different kinds, heart diseases and stroke. This study will describe how did the Mà ¤ori people encounter tobacco smoking, the smoking trends of Mà ¤ori and lastly discuss the ways the government acts to these trends. The Beginning â€Å"Kai paipa† or literally mean eating pipe and â€Å"momi paipa† also means sucking pipe, this are the terms the early Mà ¤ori use to associate smoking but Mà ¤ori did not know tobacco smoking until 1700s when Europeans arrived in New Zealand. The first time they saw James Cook smoking a tobacco, the chief threw water over his head to see if his head was burning since smoke comes out of his mouth. He then told to the Mà ¤ori with him that if the water will put the fire out then he is human, if not then he is a demon and should be killed. After the water will run down his head, the wipe out the fire in the pipe, then it was decided that James Cook was indeed a human. Since then, tobacco was widely used as a standard trade item by 1800s. It was use a payment for Mà ¤ori (including children) for services and or as a form of gift in exchange of land and resources. By then Mà ¤ori of all gender and age become fond of tobacco smoking. Current Trends Currently there are 45.4 percent of Adult Mà ¤ori identified as smokers, this is more than two times the smoking rate of non- Mà ¤ori. 800 Mà ¤ori dies every year because of different smoking-related diseases which puts tobacco smoking as a leading cause of preventable death among Mà ¤ori in New Zealand (Ministry of Health 2009). Mà ¤ori adults have two times (women) and one and a half (men) the rate of smoking in total population. About 30 percent of Mà ¤ori women smoke during their pregnancy in New Zealand (Glover, M. et al. (2007). The number great numbers of Mà ¤ori smokers resulted to $260 million in tobacco taxes each year. Smoking during pregnancy can result to different kinds of complication to the unborn child. This complications are: Sudden infant syndrome (SIDS), premature labour and birth defects like spina bifida, cleft palate, clubfoot, congenital heart diseases and much more. Mà ¤ori begins to smoke at an average age of 14.6 years, but experimentation and initiation of smoking tobacco begins at the age of 10.7 years. On the other hand their non- Mà ¤ori counterparts initiates smoking at the age of 11.8 years old, much older than Mà ¤ori. (Paynter, J. 2008) in general, it is reported the youth got their tobacco by purchasing it themselves or from their friends and family. The rise of Mà ¤ori smokers in New Zealand subsequently also increase the number of Mà ¤ori that are exposed to second hand smoke. A report shows a 23 percent of Mà ¤ori are exposed to second hand smoke inside their homes while 10.9 percent for non- Mà ¤ori. 30.1 percent of Mà ¤ori exposed inside the car compared to 12.6 percent for their non- Mà ¤ori counterpart (New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey 2006). The current trends suggest that the overall population in New Zealand, basing on ethnicity, the Mà ¤ori are much more inclined to smoking compared to other ethnicity. The current trend on Mà ¤ori smoking rates also resulted in a 22 percent of Mà ¤ori deaths that relates to smoking compared to non- Mà ¤ori which only have 20 percent of death rate (Peto, R. 2006). The Help The principle of the treaty of Waitangi says that the crown has a duty to actively protect the Mà ¤ori interest, the word â€Å"Mà ¤ori interest† includes the health and safety. The needs of both Mà ¤ori and the wider community must be met. Health must be available to all and treat everyone â€Å"equally†. On health promotion and health programs, Mà ¤ori should get involve in the planning, delivery and monitoring in partnership with the governing body and non-government organizations for it to be successful. The Ministry of health of New Zealand set 3 objectives basing on the current trends of smoking. These are: to reduce smoking initiation, to increase quitting and lastly to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke. Different programs and promotions were establish to attain these objectives. Some of this programs/projects are: (Ministry of Health 2014) National Quit Month Is provided by ASH New Zealand (Action on Smoking and Health), this project is a national campaign with the aim to create sixty-five thousand quit attempts with the help of different networks of professionals, media, commercial or business partners and other organizations. WERO (Group stop smoking competition) Auckland UniServices are providing this project. In the project, different ethnic groups in New Zealand, including Mà ¤ori and Pacific peoples compete for the most number of smoke quitters. This is with the help of different smoking cessation provider and coach. The project hopes to initiate mass quitting, because this groups are competitive in nature. Campaign to enhance smoking cessation interventions in general practice – This project focuses on the primary care sector. This is project utilizes different kinds of media like video to present information on tobacco smoking and the ways to prevent or stop this addiction. Incentives for Pregnant women to Stop Smoking – due to an increase number of smoking pregnant women, this project will focus on the younger generation. This project will teach and guide them through intensive support and incentives like vouchers given to successful participants. Supporting Smokefree Intersectorally – Provided by Counties Manukau DHB, this projects supports smoking cessation non-government agencies or organizations in the places with greatest need primarily in the place of Counties Manukau. Quit Bus – A mobile bus which travels to different regions, especially to areas that is hard to reach. This bus will provide support with the people who wish to stop smoking. Shifting the Culture in Mental Heal Services This project aims to improve the mind-set of the current acceptance level and the encouragement of smoking. This includes the research and development of guidelines and takes it into action in the primary site. Smoke free Movement – This project provided by Massey University focuses on youth to create a smoke free movement. This includes different competitions like designing of smoke free applications or software, video blogs and video documentaries about smoking. Back to the Future: Preserving our People through Performance – This project is provided by National Heart Foundation – Tala Pasifica. This project uses the conventional methods know to different cultures or traditional methods of communication. These are though entertainment, storytelling, humour and dance. Modern ways of spreading information are fully utilize like Facebook and online blogging. Taking NRT Direct to Smokers – University of Otago is the provider of this project. This project focuses on giving smokers an opportunity to try Medsafe-approved nicotine replacement. Used as a therapy to stop smoking. This will give the smokers motivation and inspiration to quit tobacco smoking. References Broughton, J. (1996). Puffing up a storm:‘Kapai tetorori!’Dunedin: Ngai Tahu Maori Health Research Unit, Dept. of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago. Herrick, C., Herrick, C., Mitchell, M. (2010). 100 Questions Answers About How to Quit Smoking (pp 2-4). Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Lange, R. (1999)May the people live: a history of Maori health development 1900–1920. Auckland: Auckland University Press. Barnett, R. Pearce, J. Moon, G. (2004). Does socialinequality matter? Changing ethnic socio-economic disparities and Maori smoking in New Zealand, 1981-1996 Broughton, J. (1996). Puffing Up a Storm; Volume I –â€Å"Kapai te torori!† Dunedin: University of Otago Ministry of Health. 2009. Tobacco Trends 2008: A brief update of tobacco use in New Zealand. Wellington. Ministry of Health. Blakely T, Fawcett J, Hunt D, Wilson N. (2006). What is the contribution of smoking and socioeconomic position to ethnic inequalities in mortality in New Zealand? Lancet2006; 368: p. 44-52. Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M. Deaths From Smoking, Mortality From Smoking In Developed Countries 1950-2000 (2nd edition, revised June 2006) Glover M et al. (2007) Cessation support for pregnantwomen who smoke: A survey of New Zealand general practitioners and midwives. Auckland: University of Auckland Paynter, J. (2008). National Year 10 ASH Snapshot Survey, 1999-2008: Trends in tobacco use by students aged 14-15 years. New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey 2006, Wellington:Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 2014. Smokefree New Zealand 2025 Innovation Funding – Successful Projects. Wellington. Ministry of Health. â€Å"